List of Contributors xi
Preface xv
Acknowledgments xvi
1 Preoperative Evaluation and Patient Preparation 1
The Risk of Equine Anesthesia 1
Tanya Duke-Novakovski
Patient Preparation 5
Tanya Duke-Novakovski
2 Serum Chemistry and Hematology 8
Carla Sommardahl
3 The Cardiovascular System 19
Physiology of the Cardiovascular System 19
Tamara Grubb
Evaluation of the Cardiovascular System 36
Daniel G. Kenney
4 The Respiratory System 50
Anatomy of the Equine Respiratory System 50
Robert Reed
Physiology of the Respiratory System 55
Carolyn Kerr
Evaluation of the Respiratory System 67
Tom Doherty
Airway Management 68
Tom Doherty
Tracheostomy 78
Tanner Snowden and Jim Schumacher
5 The Renal System 86
Natalie S. Chow
6 Neurophysiology and Neuroanesthesia 98
Tanya Duke-Novakovski
7 The Autonomic Nervous System 110
Christine Egger
8 Electrolyte and Fluid Therapy 119
Electrolytes 119
Rachel A. Reed
Fluid Therapy 125
Christopher K. Smith
9 Acid-Base Physiology 137
Traditional Approach 137
Alex Valverde and Tom Doherty
Physicochemical Approach 147
Diego E. Gomez and Alex Valverde
10 Hemostasis and Hemotherapy 155
Hemostasis 155
Kira L. Epstein
Hemotherapy 162
Kira L. Epstein
11 Thermoregulation 173
Chiara E. Hampton
12 Pharmacology of Drugs Used in Equine Anesthesia 184
Phenothiazines 184
Alicia Skelding
Butyrophenones 186
Alicia Skelding
α2-Adrenergic Agonists 188
Alicia Skelding
Opioids 196
Alicia Skelding
Trazadone 205
Alicia Skelding
Benzodiazepines 206
Alicia Skelding
Guaifenesin 209
Alicia Skelding
Ketamine 210
Alicia Skelding
Tiletamine and Zolazepam (TZ) 213
Alicia Skelding
Alfaxalone 214
Alicia Skelding
Propofol 216
Alicia Skelding
Barbiturates 218
Alicia Skelding
Intravenous lidocaine 219
Patricia Queiroz-Williams
Horse-related drug Regulations in Europe 222
Regula Bettschart-Wolfensberger and Simone K. Ringer
13 Inhalational Anesthetics 223
Rachel A. Reed
14 Local Anesthetics 232
Catherine M. Creighton and Leigh Lamont
15 Neuromuscular Blocking Agents in Horses 244
Manuel Martin-Flores and Daniel M. Sakai
16 Non-steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Corticosteroids 250
Non-steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs 250
Stephanie Kleine
Corticosteroids 259
Stephanie Kleine
17 Anesthetic Machines and Equipment 266
Rachel A. Reed
18 Positioning the Anesthetized Horse 287
Hui Chu Lin
19 Monitoring the Anesthetized Horse 294
Monitoring the Central Nervous System 294
Joanna C. Murrell
Cardiovascular Monitoring 300
Alanna N. Johnson
Respiratory Monitoring 310
Alanna N. Johnson
Anesthetic Agent Monitoring 323
Alanna N. Johnson
Monitoring Temperature 324
Chiara E. Hampton
Monitoring Neuromuscular Function 328
Manuel Martin-Flores and Daniel M. Sakai
20 Standing Sedation 333
Catherine M. Creighton
21 General Anesthesia Techniques 339
Regula Bettschart-Wolfensberger and Simone K. Ringer
22 Anesthesia of the Head and Neck 352
Anesthesia of the Head 352
Jim Schumacher, John Schumacher, and Ray Wilhite
Maxillary Nerve Block in Donkeys 358
Usama Hagag
Cervical Plexus Block 363
Luis Campoy
23 Anesthesia of the Eye 369
Daniel S. Ward
24 Anesthesia of the Limbs 376
Jim Schumacher, John Schumacher, and Ray Wilhite
25 Anesthesia of the Perineum and Testicle 396
Pudendal Nerve Block – Electrostimulation Technique 396
Kirsty Gallacher and Luiz Santos
Pudendal Nerve Block – Blind Approach 399
Jim Schumacher
Local Anesthesia for Castration 400
Philip D. Jones
26 Anesthesia of the Abdominal Wall 404
Thoracolumbar Paravertebral Block (TPVB) – Electrostimulation Technique 404
Luiz Santos and Kirsty Gallacher
Paravertebral Nerve Block – Blind Technique 406
Alex Valverde
Transversus Abdominis Plane Block 409
Alex Valverde and Flavio SA. Freitag
Caudal Intercostal Block for Abdominal Surgery (CIBAS) 413
Benjamin Gingold
27 Epidural Analgesia and Anesthesia 416
Alex Valverde
28 Pathophysiology of Pain 425
Rachel A. Reed
29 Pain Recognition in Horses 431
Karina B. Gleerup, Casper Lindegaard, and Pia Haubro Andersen
30 Management of Pain 450
The Pharmacologic Approach to Pain Management 450
Rachel A. Reed
Rehabilitation Modalities for Acute and Chronic Pain in Horses 456
Tena L. Ursini
Equine Acupuncture 462
Neal Valk
31 Anesthesia of Foals 472
Tom Doherty and Alex Valverde
32 Anesthesia of Horses with Intestinal Emergencies (Colic) 494
Tom Doherty
33 Anesthesia of the Geriatric Horse 501
Reza M. Seddighi
34 Anesthesia and Pregnancy 511
Lydia Donaldson
35 Anesthesia for Equine Imaging 522
Carrie A. Davis
36 Anesthesia of Donkeys and Mules 543
Anatomic, Physiologic, and Behavioral Differences 543
Suzanne L. Burnham
Sedation and Anesthesia of Donkeys and Mules 548
Tom Doherty
Donkey Pain Assessment Scales 552
Machteld van Dierendonck and Thijs van Loon
37 Remote Capture of Equids 565
Nigel Caulkett
38 Complications 573
Intraoperative Hypotension 573
Christopher K. Smith and Tom Doherty
Intraoperative Hypertension 580
Tom Doherty
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia 582
Rachel A. Reed
Hypercarbia 588
Tom Doherty
Pulmonary Edema as a Consequence of Airway Obstruction 590
Tom Doherty
Endotoxemia 592
Tom Doherty
Postanesthetic Myopathy 594
Krista B. Mitchell
Neuropathy 599
Rachel A. Reed
Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis (HYPP) 604
Alanna N. Johnson and Rachel A. Reed
Malignant Hyperthermia 609
Alanna N. Johnson and Rachel A. Reed
Delayed Awakening and Recovery 611
Tom Doherty
Paraphimosis and Priaprism 614
Meggan Graves and Jim Schumacher
Anaphylactic and Anaphylactoid Reactions 621
Rachel A. Reed
Intra-carotid and Perivascular Injections 624
Rachel A. Reed
Equine Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation 627
Genevieve Bussieres
39 Recovery from Anesthesia 633
Bernd Driessen
40 Euthanasia 653
Ron Jones and Tom Doherty
Index 661
