| Preface | p. xiii |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| Language Exploration and Awareness: The Rationale | p. 3 |
| Language Exploration and Awareness: What It is | p. 5 |
| Metalinguistic Awareness and the Language Elephant | p. 8 |
| Language Study in the Traditional Curriculum | p. 10 |
| Growth in and Through Language | p. 13 |
| Acquiring and Learning Language | p. 14 |
| Language Exploration and Awareness: The Criteria | p. 18 |
| Reviewing the Chapter | p. 23 |
| Language Exploration and Awareness: Why It is | p. 24 |
| The Focus and Contexts of Language Study | p. 25 |
| Weaknesses of Traditional Language Study | p. 30 |
| Reviewing the Chapter | p. 44 |
| Language Exploration and Awareness: Three Prequisites | p. 46 |
| Using Real Discourse and Multiple Criteria to Determine Correctness | p. 48 |
| Good English in the Contexts of Social Avenues | p. 49 |
| School as a Social Event | p. 51 |
| Language as a Social Event | p. 53 |
| Teaching the English Language as a Social Event | p. 55 |
| The Inseparability of Language and Situation | p. 57 |
| Remembering Pain, Boredom, or Nothing | p. 59 |
| Language Learning Goes On, and On | p. 60 |
| Some Essential Language Objectives | p. 62 |
| Language Learning Requires Practics | p. 64 |
| Enhancing Linguistic Awareness | p. 66 |
| Reviewing the Chapter | p. 67 |
| Language Exploration and Awareness: The Elements | p. 69 |
| Properties of Communication and Language | p. 71 |
| The Origin of Language: Some Speculations | p. 73 |
| Properties of Communication | p. 76 |
| Some Properties of Language | p. 78 |
| A Tentative Summary | p. 82 |
| Reviewing the Chapter | p. 84 |
| Explorations | p. 84 |
| Words and Lexicography | p. 97 |
| The Multiplicity of Dictionaries | p. 101 |
| Word Formation Processes | p. 103 |
| Attitudes Toward New Words | p. 109 |
| Words as a Reflection of Culture | p. 110 |
| The Road to the Dictionary | p. 112 |
| "The Dictionary" and Dictionaries | p. 113 |
| Reviewing the Chapter | p. 119 |
| Explorations | p. 119 |
| Grammar, Spelling, and Good English | p. 130 |
| Some Ignotions About Standard English | p. 136 |
| English Use and Usage | p. 140 |
| Where You Can Put Your Prepositions | p. 140 |
| How to Split an Infinitive | p. 141 |
| Language Errors Real People Make | p. 142 |
| Linguistic Leeching | p. 143 |
| A More Modern Attitude | p. 144 |
| Defining Good English | p. 146 |
| Dialect and Diatype | p. 150 |
| What About the Spelling Problem? | p. 154 |
| Spelling Counts | p. 155 |
| Reviewing the Chapter | p. 157 |
| Explorations | p. 157 |
| Discourse Routines and Social Conventions | p. 167 |
| Some Common Social Conventions | p. 167 |
| U.S. Telephone Conventions | p. 171 |
| Spanish Telephone Conventions | p. 171 |
| U.S. Business Telephone Conventions | p. 172 |
| Discourse Routines in Context | p. 173 |
| Adjacency and Utterance Pairs | p. 176 |
| Terms of Address Conventions | p. 180 |
| Classroom Discourse | p. 181 |
| The Cooperative Principle | p. 183 |
| CmC and "Written" Conversation | p. 188 |
| Reviewing the Chapter | p. 192 |
| Explorations | p. 192 |
| Regional, Social, and Historical Variations | p. 203 |
| Words, Tools, and Variations | p. 203 |
| American English and Dialects | p. 205 |
| Variations in American English | p. 206 |
| African American Vernacular English | p. 208 |
| The Development of AAVE | p. 209 |
| Linguistic Prejudice | p. 210 |
| Early Linguistic Intolerance | p. 211 |
| All Languages Vary | p. 212 |
| Phonological, Grammatical, and Lexical Variations | p. 215 |
| Regional and Social Dialects | p. 216 |
| Dialect Affiliations | p. 222 |
| Language and Culture | p. 223 |
| Language Variation Over Time | p. 225 |
| Using Church Texts for Time Variation Study | p. 227 |
| Who Makes These Changes? | p. 228 |
| Register in Language | p. 231 |
| Attitudes Toward Language Variation and Change | p. 232 |
| Language Variation in Literature | p. 234 |
| Reviewing the Chapter | p. 236 |
| Explorations | p. 236 |
| Meanings and General Semantics | p. 251 |
| What's in a Name? Word Magic! | p. 251 |
| It's "Only Semantics" | p. 258 |
| Semantics and Linguistics | p. 259 |
| Alfred Korzybski and General Semantics | p. 260 |
| Euphemisms and Jargon | p. 266 |
| Reviewing the Chapter | p. 270 |
| Explorations | p. 270 |
| The Languages of Intolerance and Discrimination | p. 287 |
| Overt Intolerance | p. 289 |
| Sticks, Stones, and Words | p. 289 |
| Why Some People Have Many Names | p. 291 |
| A Larger Social Issue | p. 292 |
| A Confession | p. 297 |
| Sexist Language | p. 298 |
| The Two-Value Orientation | p. 300 |
| The Language of Prejudice | p. 303 |
| Reviewing the Chapter | p. 306 |
| Explorations | p. 307 |
| When Some of Them Don't Speak English | p. 316 |
| The Growing Numbers of English-Language Learners | p. 319 |
| Who Are These Students? | p. 320 |
| Some Notions About Teaching ELL Learners | p. 321 |
| Who Owns English? | p. 324 |
| Designing ELL Classroom Strategies | p. 325 |
| What About Grammar and Correctness? | p. 327 |
| And Now, in Conclusion ... | p. 328 |
| Reviewing the Chapter | p. 329 |
| Explorations | p. 331 |
| Bibliography | p. 334 |
| Index | p. 343 |
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