Language as Calculus vs. Language as Universal Medium

I: Introduction: Language as Calculus vs. Language as the Universal Medium.- 1. Continental and Analytical Philosophy.- 2. The Interpretational Framework.- 3. Some Qualifications and the Main Theses of this Study.- II: Husserl's Phenomenology and Language as Calculus.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Formalism-Threat and Temptation-The Emergence of Language as Calculus in the Early Writings.- 2.1. The Semantics of Numbers and the Role of Psychology.- 2.2. The Interpretation and Re-interpretation of Algorithms-From Psychology to Logic.- 2.3. Spelling out the Language as Calculus Conception.On the Road to the Logical Investigations.- 3. Defending the Accessibility of Semantics Against Psychologistic Relativism: The Logical Investigations.- 3.1. Formal Mathematics and the Theory of Science.- 3.2. Frege's Hidden Psychologism and the Idea of Pure Logic.- 3.3. Meanings as Abstract Entities.- 3.4. The Structure and Classification of Meanings.- 3.5. Truth, Realism, and Knowledge about Abstract Objects.- 4. Transcendental Phenomenology and the Calculus Conception.- 4.1. Transcendental Reduction and the Problem of a Transcendental Language.- 4.2. Husserl, Leibniz, and Possible Worlds.- 4.3. Noemata, Metalanguage, and the Inexhaustibility of Semantics.- 4.4. Husserl's "Realism".- 4.5. Life-worlds and the Opposition to Relativism.- 4.6. Logic and Transcendental Phenomenology.- 5. Summary of Husserl's Notion of Language as Calculus.- III: Heidegger's Ontology and Language as the Universal Medium.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Heidegger as Adherer to the Conception of Language as Calculus in his Early Writings.- 2.1. Realism and the Critique of Psychologism.- 2.2. Rickert's Influence, the Critique of Logistik, and Truth as Correspondence.- 2.3. Husserl, Scotus, and Thomas of Erfurt.- 2.4. On the Way to Being and Time.- 3. The World as a "Closed Whole"-The Period of Being and Time.- 3.1. Introduction: Heidegger 1919-30.- 3.2. Being-in-the-world as Being within a Universal Medium of Meaning.- 3.3. From Phenomenology as an Absolute Science to Phenomenological Ontology as Hermeneutics.- 3.4. Logic, Language, Truth.- 4. "Language is the House of Being"-Language as the Universal Medium in Heidegger's Later "Thought".- 4.1. Art and Poetry.- 4.2. Language and Being.- 4.3. Language, Art, and the Universal Medium Conception.- 5. Summary of Heidegger's Conception of Language as the Universal Medium.- IV: Between Scylla and Charybdis-Gadamer's Hermeneutics.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Tradition and the Return of the Subject-Why Heidegger had Reason to Dislike the "Effective-Historical Consciousness".- 3. Language as Universal Adumbration.- 3.1. Introduction.- 3.2. Heidegger without Geschick.- 3.3. Husserl's Entry.- 3.4. The Centre of Language, the Speculative Sentence, Spiel and Picture.- 3.5. Gadamer's Universal Medium Conception.- Notes to Part I.- Notes to Part II.- Notes to Part III.- Notes to Part IV.- Index of Names.- Index of Subjects.