Laboratory Primate

Handbook of Experimental Animals

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By: Sonia Wolfe-Coote

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Published: 19th September 2005

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Description
Industry Reviews
Table of Contents
Product Details

A volume in the Handbook of Experimental Animals series, The Laboratory Primate details the past and present use of primates in biomedical research, and the husbandry, nutritional requirements, behaviour, and breeding of each of the commonly used species. Practical information on regulatory requirements, not available in other texts, is covered. Sections on experimental models cover the major areas of biomedical research, including AIDS, cancer, neurobiology and gene therapy. Assisted reproductive technology, tissue typing, and minimum group sizes for infectious disease/vaccine studies are also included.
* Two-color, user-friendly format, with copious illustrations and color plates
* Includes detailed, well-illustrated sections on gross & microscopic anatomy, common diseases, and special procedures, including surgical techniques

"...provides research scientists in academia and industry with comprehensive, practical information on laboratory animals...a welcome and necessary addition to the series of handbooks...this book is recommended to all researchers and students in biological, pharmaceutical, veterinary and medical sciences." -M. Schmidt, in JZS

Preface	p. xiii
Definition of the Primate Model
The Taxonomy of Primates in the Laboratory Context	p. 3
Taxonomy: Organizing nature	p. 3
What are species? The biological species concept	p. 3
What are species? The phylogenetic species concept	p. 5
What are subspecies?	p. 5
Nomenclature	p. 6
How to classify species	p. 6
References	p. 13
Appendix	p. 15
Similarities of Non-human Primates to Humans: Genetic Variations and Phenotypic Associations Common to Rhesus Monkeys and Humans	p. 17
Introduction	p. 17
Mu-opioid receptor	p. 19
Dopamine transporter	p. 21
Serotonin transporter	p. 25
Conclusion	p. 26
References	p. 26
General Anatomy	p. 29
Introduction: Primates as a clade	p. 29
The musculoskeletal system	p. 30
The dentition	p. 34
The digestive system	p. 36
The brain	p. 37
Reproduction and life history variation	p. 38
The senses	p. 42
References	p. 43
Pathology of Noninfectious Diseases of the Laboratory Primate	p. 47
Introduction	p. 47
Respiratory system	p. 47
Cardiovascular system	p. 48
Endocrine system	p. 49
Alimentary tract	p. 50
Urinary system	p. 55
Reproductive system	p. 55
Nervous system	p. 59
Integumentary system	p. 62
Musculoskeletal system	p. 64
Multisystemic diseases	p. 65
References	p. 68
Common Viral Infections of Laboratory Primates	p. 75
Introduction	p. 75
Retroviruses	p. 75
Herpesviruses	p. 80
Parvoviruses	p. 83
Polyomaviruses	p. 84
References	p. 85
Modeling Parasitic Diseases in Nonhuman Primates: malaria, Chagas' Disease, and Filariasis	p. 91
Introduction	p. 91
Nonhuman primate models of malaria	p. 91
Nonhuman primate models of Chagas' disease	p. 95
Nonhuman primate models of lymphatic filariasis	p. 97
Concluding remarks	p. 99
References	p. 99
Reproduction: Definition of a Primate Model of Female Fertility	p. 105
Introduction	p. 105
Fertility	p. 107
Behavioural signs of reproductive activity	p. 107
Endocrinology and reproduction	p. 109
External factors influencing reproduction	p. 110
Infertility	p. 111
Summary	p. 114
References	p. 115
Male Reproduction and Fertilization	p. 119
Introduction	p. 119
Control of male reproduction	p. 119
Factors affecting male reproduction	p. 122
Fertilization	p. 125
In vitro fertilization	p. 127
Senescence	p. 128
References	p. 128
Primate Natural History and Social Behavior: Implications for Laboratory Housing	p. 133
Introduction	p. 133
Rhesus macaque natural history	p. 134
Laboratory environment and abnormal behavior	p. 136
Conclusions	p. 140
References	p. 140
Primate Management
Husbandry and Management of New World Species: Marmosets and Tamarins	p. 145
Animals and natural habitat	p. 145
Husbandry and housing	p. 146
Feeding and nutrition	p. 147
Environmental enrichment	p. 151
Breeding	p. 152
Physiological data	p. 154
Veterinary care	p. 155
Diseases	p. 157
Abbreviations	p. 160
References	p. 160
Management of Old World Primates	p. 163
Introduction	p. 163
Housing	p. 163
The Tsukuba experience	p. 165
References	p. 173
Vervet Monkey Breeding	p. 175
Introduction: breeding biology	p. 175
Breeding and rearing systems in captivity	p. 175
The menstrual cycle	p. 176
Mating, conception, pregnancy and birth	p. 176
References	p. 179
Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases	p. 181
Introduction	p. 181
Nutrient requirements	p. 182
Nonhuman primate diet formulations	p. 201
Food contaminants	p. 202
References	p. 203
Environmental Enrichment and Refinement of Handling Procedures	p. 209
Introduction	p. 209
Environmental enrichment	p. 210
Training for cooperation during procedures	p. 219
Conclusion	p. 221
References	p. 222
Development of Specific Pathogen Free Nonhuman Primate Colonies	p. 229
Introduction	p. 229
Historical perspectives on specific pathogen free primate colonies	p. 229
Definition of specific pathogen free status	p. 230
SPF target viruses for macaque colonies	p. 230
SPF target agents in non-macaque primate colonies	p. 232
Viral testing	p. 232
Specific pathogen free animal derivation strategies	p. 234
Animal housing configurations	p. 235
Veterinary care program	p. 235
Expanded SPF programs	p. 236
Summary recommendations	p. 237
References	p. 238
Medical Care	p. 241
Animal health monitoring and surveillance	p. 241
Management of the stable colony	p. 242
Management of quarantine and isolation	p. 249
Personnel health monitoring and surveillance policies	p. 250
First aid and critical care	p. 251
Emergency animal care	p. 253
Concluding remarks	p. 256
References	p. 256
Factors Affecting the Choice of Species	p. 259
Introduction	p. 259
Factors affecting choice	p. 260
Inter and intraspecies variations in pharmaceutical use	p. 267
Conclusions	p. 269
References	p. 270
Research Techniques and Procedures
Anaesthesia	p. 275
Introduction	p. 275
Anaesthesia	p. 275
Drug administration and sample collection	p. 290
References	p. 291
Rigid Endoscopy	p. 293
Introduction	p. 293
Laparoscopy	p. 294
Laparoscopic procedures	p. 303
Thoracoscopy	p. 313
Thoracoscopic procedures	p. 315
Summary comments	p. 316
References	p. 316
Ultrasound Imaging in Rhesus (Macaca mulatta) and Long-tailed (Macaca fascicularis) Macaques: Reproductive and Research Applications	p. 317
Introduction	p. 317
Equipment and scanning techniques	p. 318
Nongravid animals	p. 319
Gravid animals	p. 323
Fetal development	p. 329
Ultrasound-guided procedures	p. 345
Other ultrasound imaging applications	p. 346
References	p. 349
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Conscious Marmoset Monkeys: Methods and Applications in Neuroscience Research	p. 353
Introduction	p. 353
What is fMRI and how does it work?	p. 355
Problems associated with fMRI in nonhuman animals	p. 359
Applications in neuroscience research	p. 366
References	p. 369
Radiographic Imaging of Nonhuman Primates	p. 371
Introduction	p. 371
Thoracic radiograph	p. 371
Abdominal radiograph	p. 374
Neurologic system	p. 382
Musculoskeletal	p. 383
Fluoroscopy	p. 385
Nuclear imaging	p. 385
References	p. 385
Imaging: Positron Emission Tomography (PET)	p. 387
Introduction	p. 387
Principles of emission computed tomography	p. 389
Non-human primate PET scanners	p. 394
Animal procedures for PET studies	p. 395
Anaesthesia and immobilization	p. 397
PET application in non-human primates	p. 398
Imaging non-human primates versus rodents	p. 399
References	p. 400
Current Uses in Biomedical Research
Use of the Primate Model in Research	p. 405
Introduction	p. 405
Primatology: An historical overview	p. 406
Anatomy/physiology	p. 407
Development of the primate model in research	p. 407
Research utilization and advances	p. 408
Welfare considerations	p. 411
References	p. 413
Chronic Diseases	p. 417
Summary	p. 417
Introduction	p. 417
The rhesus monkey model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA)	p. 418
Multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)	p. 422
Myasthenia gravis	p. 430
References	p. 433
Practical Approaches to Pharmacological Studies in Nonhuman Primates	p. 437
Introduction	p. 437
The nonhuman primate in pharmacological studies	p. 437
Drug and test compound delivery	p. 440
Behavior analysis as an aid in pharmacological research	p. 444
Current pharmacological research in the nonhuman primate model	p. 445
Conclusion	p. 446
References	p. 446
Nonhuman Primate Models of Human Aging	p. 449
Background	p. 449
Approach	p. 450
Measurement of cognitive status	p. 450
Diet and cardiovascular health	p. 451
Primate diversity	p. 451
Major topics of primate aging research	p. 451
References	p. 463
Primate Models of Neurological Disease	p. 467
Introduction	p. 467
Amnestic syndromes	p. 467
Parkinson's disease	p. 472
Alzheimer's disease and amyloid angiopathy	p. 477
Multiple sclerosis	p. 478
Epilepsy	p. 479
Summary	p. 482
References	p. 482
Genetics: A Survey of Nonhuman Primate Genetics, Genetic Management and Applications to Biomedical Research	p. 487
The analysis of primate genomes	p. 487
Genetic relationships among primates	p. 491
Genetic management of primates	p. 493
Current applications to biomedical research	p. 495
Future directions in primate genetics	p. 497
References	p. 498
The Respiratory System and its Use in Research	p. 503
Introduction	p. 503
Nasal cavity	p. 504
Pharynx	p. 511
Larynx	p. 512
Lung organization	p. 512
Tracheobronchial airways	p. 512
Gas exchange area	p. 516
Overview of research uses	p. 518
References	p. 522
Reproduction: Male	p. 527
Introduction	p. 527
Which non-human primate models are used/or should be used?	p. 527
Main applications in male reproduction: models for biomedical research	p. 529
References	p. 535
Reproduction: Female	p. 537
Historical perspective	p. 537
Follicular growth and ovulation	p. 538
Induced ovulation	p. 539
Ovum and embryo recovery techniques	p. 541
Production of precisely aged embryos	p. 541
Contraceptive effects	p. 543
Embryo transfer	p. 543
In vitro fertilization	p. 544
Other manipulative techniques and future clinical application	p. 545
Conclusion	p. 546
References	p. 546
The Baboon as an Appropriate Model for the Study of Multifactoral Aspects of Human Endometriosis	p. 549
Introduction	p. 549
Animal models for endometriosis research	p. 550
The role of the baboon model for study of human endometriosis	p. 552
Conclusion	p. 557
References	p. 557
Virology Research	p. 561
Introduction and scope	p. 561
Acute viral diseases	p. 562
Chronic viral diseases	p. 564
Conclusion	p. 573
References	p. 574
Parasitic Diseases of Nonhuman Primates	p. 579
Introduction	p. 579
Parasitic diseases of immune-competent nonhuman primates	p. 579
Parasitic diseases of immune-compromised nonhuman primates	p. 584
Commonly occurring benign parasitic infections of nonhuman primates	p. 587
Concluding remarks	p. 589
References	p. 590
Glossary	p. 595
Index	p. 607
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

ISBN: 9780120802616
ISBN-10: 0120802619
Series: Handbook of Experimental Animals
Audience: Professional
Format: Hardcover
Language: English
Number Of Pages: 650
Published: 19th September 2005
Publisher: Elsevier Science Publishing Co Inc
Country of Publication: US
Dimensions (cm): 27.9 x 20.3 x 3.18
Weight (kg): 1.93