About this Book xv
Preface xvii
Acknowledgments xix
Abbreviations and Symbols xxi
Part I
Fundamentals of Iron-Group Metal Compound Nanomaterials 1
1 Introduction 3
1.1 Background and Significance of Iron-Group Metal Compound Nanomaterials 3
1.2 Classification and Structural Features of Iron-Group Metal Compound Nanomaterials 5
1.3 Significance of Iron-Group Metal Compound Nanomaterials in Energy, Environment, and Catalysis Fields 10
1.4 Challenges and Research Motivations 14
References 17
2 Preparations of Iron (Fe, Co, and Ni)-Group Metal Compound Nanomaterials 19
2.1 Precipitation/Coprecipitation Method 20
2.2 Hydrothermal/Solvothermal Synthesis 24
2.3 Impregnation Method 27
2.4 Solâ"Gel Method 32
2.5 Electrodeposition Method 35
2.6 Gas-Phase Deposition Method 37
2.7 Template Method 42
2.8 High-Temperature Pyrolysis Method 44
2.9 Ion Exchange Method 46
2.10 Joule Heating Method 48
References 51
3 Characterizations of Iron (Fe, Co, and Ni)-Group Metal Compound Nanomaterials 59
3.1 Introduction 59
3.2 XRD 59
3.3 SEM 63
3.4 TEM 68
3.5 BET 72
3.6 XPS 75
3.7 UPS 79
3.8 DTA 84
3.9 EPR 86
References 92
Part II Structural Characteristics of Iron-group Metal Compound Nanomaterials 95
4 Structures of Iron (Fe, Co, and Ni)-Group Metal Compound Nanomaterials 97
4.1 Zero-Dimensional Iron-Group Nanomaterials 97
4.2 1D Iron-Group Nanomaterials 101
4.3 2D Iron-Group Nanomaterials 107
4.4 3D Iron-Group Nanomaterials 114
References 124
Part III Diverse Applications of These Nanomaterials 133
5 Applications of Iron (Fe, Co, and Ni)-Group Metal Compound Nanomaterials in Rechargeable Batteries 135
5.1 LIB 135
5.2 SIBs 150
5.3 KIBs 156
5.4 Liâ"S 157
5.5 Metalâ"Oxygen 158
References 164
6 Applications of Iron (Fe, Co, and Ni)-Group Metal Compound Nanomaterials in Supercapacitors 171
6.1 Overview of Supercapacitors 171
6.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Ironâ"Cobaltâ"Nickel Metal Compounds as Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors 176
6.3 Electrochemical Performance Evaluation and Energy Storage Mechanism 179
6.4 Classification, Structure, and Characteristics of Iron-, Cobalt-, and Nickel-Based Compounds 186
6.5 Key Modification Strategies 198
6.6 Device Integration and Application Fields 210
References 212
7 Applications of Iron (Fe, Co, Ni)-Group Metal Compound Nanomaterials in Electrocatalysis 223
7.1 HER 223
7.2 OER 229
7.3 Overall Water Splitting 234
7.4 ORR 238
7.5 NRR 242
7.6 Co2 RR 249
7.7 No3 RR 254
References 257
8 Applications of Iron (Fe, Co, and Ni)-Group Metal Compound Nanomaterials in Photocatalysis 265
8.1 Photocatalytic Fuel Production 265
8.2 Solar Cell 282
References 292
9 Applications of Iron (Fe, Co, and Ni)-Group Metal Compound Nanomaterials in Electrocatalytic Upgrading of Biomass and Degradation of Pollutants 303
9.1 Electrocatalytic Upgrading of Biomass 304
9.2 Pollutant Degradation 326
References 332
10 Applications of Iron-Group (Fe, Co, Ni) Metal Compound Nanomaterials in Other Potential Fields 341
10.1 Sensors 341
10.2 Microwave Absorption 352
10.3 Drug Delivery 356
10.4 Functions and Types 363
References 370
11 Challenges and Prospects 379
11.1 Challenges and Prospects Related to Preparation Methods 380
11.2 Challenges and Prospects Related to Material Microstructures and Characterization 382
11.3 Challenges and Prospects Related to Material Dimensions 385
11.4 Challenges and Prospects in Battery Applications 388
11.5 Challenges and Prospects in Supercapacitor Applications 390
11.6 Challenges and Prospects in Electrocatalysis Applications 392
11.7 Challenges and Prospects in Photocatalysis Applications 396
11.8 Challenges and Prospects in Organic Oxidation and Degradation Applications 399
11.9 Challenges and Prospects in Other Application Fields (Sensors, Microwave Absorption, and Drug Delivery) 402
References 405
Index 409
