| Preface | |
| Chromosomes in mitosis | p. 1 |
| The cell cycle | p. 2 |
| Chromosome numbers | p. 3 |
| Chromosome shape | p. 4 |
| Chromosome size | p. 6 |
| Chromosomes in mitosis | p. 7 |
| DNA per nucleus (C-value) | p. 9 |
| Karyology and evolution | p. 13 |
| Historical perspective | p. 13 |
| Chromosome banding | p. 16 |
| Karyotypes, genomes and evolution | p. 21 |
| Meiosis | p. 29 |
| Basic principles | p. 29 |
| Timing and sequence | p. 30 |
| The synaptonemal complex | p. 45 |
| Chromosome pairing | p. 48 |
| Chiasmata and crossing over | p. 54 |
| Disjunction | p. 58 |
| Duration of meiosis | p. 63 |
| Meiosis in rearranged chromosomes | p. 64 |
| Sex chromosomes and sex determination | p. 71 |
| Polyploidy in animals | p. 77 |
| The problems of becoming polyploid | p. 77 |
| Some specific examples | p. 79 |
| Evolving polyploidy | p. 81 |
| Inactivation and elimination of chromosomes | p. 85 |
| The Barr body | p. 85 |
| X inactivation in mice and mules | p. 87 |
| The timing of inactivation | p. 87 |
| The role of the second X | p. 88 |
| The genetic and molecular basis of inactivation | p. 90 |
| Inactivation and imprinting | p. 90 |
| More about insects | p. 95 |
| Ascaris and chromatin elimination | p. 96 |
| The protozoan macronucleus | p. 100 |
| DNA replication, endomitosis and trophic polyploidy | p. 103 |
| The semiconservative replication of chromosomes | p. 103 |
| The principles of trophic polyploidy | p. 104 |
| Some examples of polyploid cells | p. 106 |
| Polytene chromosomes | p. 110 |
| Selective DNA replication | p. 113 |
| The nucleolus organizer and gene amplification | p. 119 |
| Basic molecular biology | p. 119 |
| Identifying nucleolus organizers | p. 121 |
| Rings, Christmas trees and transcription units | p. 124 |
| Understanding amplification | p. 130 |
| Variation and evolution | p. 134 |
| The activity of nucleolus organizers | p. 136 |
| Lampbrush chromosomes | p. 139 |
| History and technology | p. 139 |
| Basic organization | p. 143 |
| Two famous hypotheses | p. 146 |
| Lampbrushes under the electron microscope | p. 147 |
| In situ hybridization | p. 149 |
| The read-through hypothesis | p. 152 |
| Three simple experiments with enzymes | p. 153 |
| Some more questions about lampbrushes | p. 157 |
| DNA sequences and genome evolution | p. 161 |
| The classification of DNA sequences | p. 161 |
| Variation in repeat sequence DNA | p. 162 |
| Agents of change | p. 164 |
| Sister chromatid exchange | p. 166 |
| What keeps genomes in check? | p. 169 |
| The story of a liberated chromosome | p. 172 |
| Human clinical cytogenetics | p. 177 |
| Conventions for describing human chromosomes | p. 177 |
| The problem of aneuploidy | p. 181 |
| Trisomy 21 and Down's syndrome | p. 183 |
| Monosomy X | p. 185 |
| The clinical cytogenetics laboratory | p. 186 |
| Outlook for 2001 | p. 193 |
| Appendix: A selection of laboratory practical protocols | p. 201 |
| Introduction | p. 201 |
| Some notes on light microscopy | p. 202 |
| Laboratory practical 1: The mitotic chromosome | p. 205 |
| Human chromosome preparations from peripheral blood | p. 205 |
| Nuclear sexing from oral mucosal smears | p. 208 |
| Nuclear sexing from polymorphonuclear leucocytes (neutrophils) | p. 209 |
| Information for instructors and technical staff | p. 210 |
| Laboratory practical 2: Cell size, DNA content and polyploidy | p. 213 |
| Cell size and nuclear DNA content | p. 213 |
| The squash technique | p. 213 |
| Polytene chromosomes | p. 215 |
| Information for instructors and technical staff | p. 218 |
| Laboratory practical 3: Meiosis | p. 221 |
| Locusts | p. 221 |
| Newts and salamanders | p. 223 |
| Information for instructors and technical staff | p. 224 |
| Laboratory practical 4: Lampbrush chromosomes | p. 226 |
| Isolation of the nucleus | p. 226 |
| Isolation of the chromosomes and nucleoli | p. 227 |
| Observation | p. 228 |
| Information for instructors and technical staff | p. 229 |
| Species index | p. 233 |
| Index | p. 235 |
| Table of Contents provided by Blackwell. All Rights Reserved. |