| Acknowledgements | p. v |
| Glossary | p. xiii |
| Note on Transliteration and Usage of Names | p. xviii |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| People and Land | |
| General Description of the North Caucasus | p. 9 |
| Geographical description of the North Caucasus | p. 9 |
| Ethnic and linguistic composition | p. 10 |
| The Social Structure and Political Make-up of the North Caucasus | p. 14 |
| System of rule and administration | p. 17 |
| The Economic Structure of North Caucasian Society | p. 21 |
| Islam and Muslim Institutions in the North Caucasus | |
| Islam in Daghestan | p. 26 |
| The history of Islamisation | p. 26 |
| Arab-Muslim learning in Daghestan | p. 30 |
| Islam among the Vaynakh | p. 33 |
| Islamisation of the Vaynakh teips | p. 33 |
| Islam and Pre-Islamic beliefs | p. 35 |
| The Muslim Legal System and the Judicial Authorities | p. 40 |
| Sufism in the North Caucasus | p. 47 |
| The Russian Expansion and the Beginning of the Religious Revivial | |
| The North Caucasus and Foreign Powers: The First Stage of Russian Expansion in the Area | p. 52 |
| Sheikh Mansour and the Beginning of the Muslim Reformist Movement | p. 58 |
| Military confrontation | p. 63 |
| The Russian Military Campaigns and Annexation of the North Caucasus | p. 69 |
| The Russian policy of colonisation | p. 71 |
| Origins and Development of the Naqshbandiyya-Mujaddidiyya-Khalidiyya: Doctrine and Practices | |
| The formation of the Main Principles of the Naqshbandi Tariqa | p. 75 |
| The early Naqshbandi silsila | p. 77 |
| Baha al-Din al-Naqshband and the final crystallisation of the tariqa | p. 80 |
| Political activisation of the Naqshbandi tariqa | p. 82 |
| The Development of Naqshbandi Principles and the Formation of the Mujaddidi Suborder | p. 84 |
| The Formation of the Naqshbandiyya-Mujaddidiyya-Khalidiyya Suborder | p. 90 |
| Khalid's elaboration of the Mujaddidi doctrine | p. 92 |
| The development of new characteristics of the Khalidiyya | p. 94 |
| The Khalidiyya after Khalid | p. 96 |
| Introduction of the Naqshbandiyya Mujaddidiyya-Khalidiyya to the North Caucasus: The Formative Period | |
| Introduction of the Naqshbandi Order to Daghestan | p. 100 |
| Sheikh Isma'il al-Shirwani | p. 100 |
| The first steps of the Naqshbandiyya-Mujadidiyya-Khalidiyya in Daghestan | p. 102 |
| Muhammad al-Yaraghi's meeting with Sheikh Isma'il al-Shirwani | p. 104 |
| Muhammad al-Yaraghi's appeals in Daghestan | p. 105 |
| 'Spiritual' Naqshbandiyya and its Doctrine | p. 108 |
| Jamal al-Din al-Ghazi-Ghumuqi | p. 108 |
| Jamal al-Din's elucidation of the meaning of the tariqa | p. 109 |
| 'Political' Naqshbandiyya | p. 116 |
| The First Naqshbandi Imams and the Beginning of Ghazavat | |
| Diffusion of Naqshbandi Ideas in Chechnya: The Greater Chechnya Revolt (1825-6) | p. 121 |
| Russian policy | p. 123 |
| Beybulat Taymi | p. 124 |
| The ideological premises of the revolt | p. 126 |
| The beginning of the Greater Chechnya revolt | p. 130 |
| The aftermath | p. 132 |
| Ghazi Muhammd: The First Daghestani Imam and the Beginning of Ghazavat | p. 135 |
| Ghazi Muhammd: his life and education | p. 136 |
| Teaching of Ghazi Muhammad | p. 138 |
| Consolidation of power | p. 141 |
| The rise to power of the first Daghestani imam | p. 143 |
| The beginning of the ghazavat | p. 145 |
| The Khunzakh campaign and its aftermath | p. 146 |
| The first Russian encounter with Ghazi Muhammad | p. 147 |
| Ghazi Muhammad after Khunzakh | p. 148 |
| Ghazi Muhammad's military activities | p. 152 |
| Ghazi Muhammad's domestic policy | p. 153 |
| The establishment of the Naqshbandi network in Chechnya | p. 154 |
| The decline of Ghazi Muhammad's military power | p. 156 |
| The battle of Gimrah and Ghazi Muhammad's death | p. 157 |
| Hamza Bek: The Second Naqshbandi Imam | p. 160 |
| Hamza Bek: biography | p. 160 |
| The election of the second imam | p. 162 |
| The undertakings of the new imam | p. 163 |
| The death of the second imam | p. 167 |
| Shamil: The Third Imam of the North Caucasus | |
| The Naqshbandi Tariqa after the Assassination of Hamza Bek; the Rise of the Third Imam | p. 169 |
| Sheikh Shamil | p. 170 |
| Tashou Hajji al-Enderi | p. 174 |
| Fostering of Shamil's spiritual image | p. 177 |
| Consolidation of Shamil's power | p. 178 |
| The beginning of military confrontation | p. 181 |
| Negotiations between Shamil and the Russians | p. 183 |
| The Russian assault at Akhulgho | p. 185 |
| Resurrection of Shamil's Power | p. 189 |
| Shamil's rise to power in Chechnya | p. 190 |
| Consolidation of Shamil's authority in Daghestan | p. 194 |
| Shamil's aspirations in the Central and West Caucasus | p. 197 |
| The State of God: Its Creation, Peak and Decline | |
| Shamil's Imamate | p. 203 |
| Religious and administrative officials in Shamil's imamate | p. 204 |
| Fiscal reform in the imamate | p. 207 |
| Military reform | p. 209 |
| Murtaziqas | p. 211 |
| Spiritual warfare and the tariqa murids | p. 212 |
| Shamil's legislative and judicial powers: shari'a and nizams | p. 214 |
| Nizams and the shari'a | p. 217 |
| Supplementary nizams | p. 220 |
| Challenges to Shamil's state | p. 222 |
| The Decline of Shamil's Power and the Fall of the Imamate | p. 226 |
| Internal decline | p. 227 |
| The fall of the imamate | p. 230 |
| Captivity and the last days of Imam Shamil | p. 233 |
| Epilogue: The Sufi Legacy in the North Caucasus | p. 235 |
| Bibliography | p. 239 |
| Index | p. 261 |
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