Improving the Properties of Permanent Magnets

1. Methods to Enhance the Magnetic Properties of Magnets and Magnetic Materials.- 1.1 Improvement of magnetic characteristics in general.- 1.1.1 By specifically providing magnetic anisotropy.- 1.1.2 By using specific compositions.- 1.1.3 By providing a low average crystal grain size.- 1.1.4 By heat treatment or by hot-working.- 1.1.5 By other measures.- 1.2 Improvement of coercivity, remanent flux density and energy product.- 1.2.1 By hot working and/or heat treating.- 1.2.2 By addition of specific elements.- 1.2.3 By other measures.- 1.3 Improvement of coercivity and energy product.- 1.4 Improvement of coercivity, saturation magnetization and squareness of hysteresis loop.- 1.5 Improvement of coercivity.- 1.5.1 By addition of specific elements.- 1.5.2 By other measures.- 1.6 Improvement of remanent flux density and energy product.- 1.7 Improvement of remanent flux density.- 1.8 Improvement of energy product and square ratio.- 1.9 Improvement of magnetostrictive response.- 2. Methods to Improve the Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Magnets and Magnetic Materials.- 2.1 Improvement of corrosion resistance and thermal stability.- 2.2 Improvement of corrosion resistance.- 2.2.1 By using specific compositions.- 2.2.2 By applying a specific coating.- 2.2.3 By other measures.- 2.3 Improvement of temperature characteristics.- 2.3.1 By using specific compositions.- 2.3.2 By addition of specific elements or compounds.- 2.3.3 By other measures.- 3. Methods to Improve Other Properties and Characteristics of Magnets and Magnetic Materials.- 3.1 Improvement of workability.- 3.2 Improvement of sintering characteristics.- 3.3 Improvement of dimensions.- 3.4 Improvement of mechanical properties.- 4. Methods to Lower the Production Costs of Magnets and Magnetic Materials.- 4.1 By using commercial manufacturing processes.- 4.2 By eliminating specific costly production steps.- 4.3 By substituting inexpensive materials for expensive materials.- 4.4 By other measures.- 5. Methods to Prevent Risks During the Production of Magnets and Magnetic Materials.- 5.1 To prevent the formation of poisonous volatile boron compounds.- 5.2 To prevent the risk of explosion.- References.- Abbreviations Used.- List of Patentees.