History of Early Nuclear Physics : Radioactivity and Its Radiations, 1896-1931

Radioactivity and Its Radiations, 1896-1931

By: Milorad Mladjenovic

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Hardcover | 1 December 1991

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228 Pages

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22.86 x 16.51 x 1.91

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This book covers the first 35 years of nuclear physics, especially in the areas of radioactivity and radioactive emissions which were the main discoveries in nuclear physics during its first three decades. It follows the nuclear phenomena step by step, paying special attention to outstanding discoveries, such as Curie's discovery of radium, Rutherford-Soddy law, discovery of isotopes and Rutherford's artificial transmutations. The author aims to present in a critical approach the growth of nuclear physics as seen by a nuclear physicist and historian.

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Non-Fiction Science Physics Nuclear Physics Science in General History of Science Booktopia Publisher Services World Scientific Publishing Applied Physics

(1896-1903)
Discoveries of Radioactive Substances	p. 1
Rontgen's discovery	p. 1
Becquerel's early work	p. 2
Discovery of thorium radiation	p. 4
Discovery of polonium	p. 6
Discovery of radium	p. 8
Discovery of actinium	p. 10
Radioactive lead	p. 11
Uranium X	p. 12
References	p. 13
Emanation and Radioactive Deposit	p. 16
Induced radioactivity	p. 16
Emanation	p. 19
Thorium X	p. 23
Radioactive deposit	p. 24
References	p. 27
Radioactive Radiations
Early investigations of radiations	p. 28
Beta-rays	p. 33
Alpha-rays	p. 35
Gamma-rays	p. 42
Heat generation	p. 43
References	p. 44
First Interpretations	p. 46
Energy sources	p. 46
Emanation model of radioactivity	p. 46
Becquerel's model of radioactivity	p. 52
Rutherford - Soddy's model of radioactivity	p. 52
Causes of disintegrations	p. 59
References	p. 60
(1904-1914)
First Nuclear Instruments and Methods	p. 62
Counting the [alpha]-particles	p. 62
Cloud chamber	p. 65
Beta-ray spectrographs	p. 70
Radioactive recoil	p. 73
Statistics	p. 74
References	p. 75
Clarification of Alpha-Particle Properties	p. 77
Bragg introduces the concept of range	p. 77
Properties of alpha-particles	p. 80
Penetration of alpha particles	p. 84
Geiger-Nuttal rule	p. 88
References	p. 90
Origin of Beta- and Gamma-Rays	p. 92
Absorption of beta-rays	p. 92
Beta-ray spectra	p. 98
Gamma-rays	p. 103
References	p. 107
Radioactive Series and Isotopes	p. 109
First examples of chemical non-separability	p. 109
Isotopes of the uranium series	p. 114
First generalization	p. 118
Intra-atomic or nuclear charge	p. 119
The making of the displacement law	p. 121
Impact and clarifications	p. 123
References	p. 128
Atoms and X-Rays (1900-1925)
Atoms Before Quantum Mechanics	p. 131
Models before Bohr	p. 131
Bohr's model	p. 134
Sommerfeld's contribution	p. 144
X-rays spectra	p. 145
Shell structure	p. 148
References	p. 153
Post-War Progress (1919-1931)
Artificial Transmutations	p. 155
Ramsay's "transmutations"	p. 155
Rutherford's initial papers	p. 157
Rutherford and Chadwick's papers	p. 164
Cloud chamber evidence	p. 168
Vienna investigations	p. 169
Transmutation parameters	p. 173
References	p. 174
Mass Spectrometry and Isotopes	p. 177
Early mass spectrometers	p. 177
Discovery of isotopes	p. 181
Whole number rule	p. 186
Packing fraction	p. 186
Abundances	p. 187
Appendix: Basic properties of mass spectrometers	p. 187
References	p. 190
Interpretation of Beta, Gamma and Alpha Spectra	p. 192
Breakthroughs in 1913/14	p. 192
External photo conversion	p. 194
Crystal diffraction	p. 195
Origin of gamma-rays	p. 196
Nuclear decay schemes	p. 197
Beta decay	p. 198
Long range alpha particles	p. 199
Fine structure of alpha-ray spectra	p. 203
Gamow's letter to "Nature"	p. 204
References	p. 207
Index of Names	p. 209
Subject Index	p. 215
Table of Contents provided by Blackwell. All Rights Reserved.

History of Early Nuclear Physics : Radioactivity and Its Radiations, 1896-1931

Radioactivity and Its Radiations, 1896-1931

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Hardcover

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