Preface xvii
List of Abbreviations xix
1 Overview of High-Entropy Materials for Energy Storage: Surface Chemistry and Its Functionality 1
Mukarram Ali, Mohsin Saleem, Tahir Sattar, Muhammad Zubair Khan, Yoon-Cheol Ha, and Jung Hyuk Koh
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Fundamental Principles in HEMs 3
1.3 Design and Synthesis of High-Entropy Materials for Energy Storage 5
1.4 High-Entropy Phase Stabilization and Structural Integrity 8
1.5 Compositional Engineering in High-Entropy Materials 12
1.6 High-Entropy Electrodes for Energy Storage 15
1.7 High-Entropy Electrolytes and Interface Engineering 18
1.8 Advanced Characterization Techniques for HEMs 20
1.9 Challenges, Prospects, and Commercialization Pathways 22
1.10 Summary and Outlook 24
1.11 Outlook 24
Acknowledgment 26
References 26
2 Perovskite-Based High-Entropy Materials for Energy Storage Applications 33
Asfaq Ali, Sanjeev Verma, Pradeep Kumar Panda, and Tapas Das
2.1 Introduction 33
2.2 Design Strategies and Entropy Engineering in HEPOs 34
2.3 Synthesis Techniques 39
2.4 Energy Storage Applications 42
2.5 Challenges and Future Prospects 55
2.6 Conclusions 56
References 56
3 Functional 2D-Based High-Entropy Materials for Energy Storage Applications 63
Asfaq Ali, Sanjeev Verma, Pradeep Kumar Panda, and Tapas Das
3.1 Introduction 63
3.2 Structural Characteristics and Stabilization of 2D-Based HEMs 66
3.3 Structural Flexibility and Charge Transport in 2D HEMs 67
3.4 Classification and Synthesis of HEMs 68
3.5 Mechanisms of High-Entropy Structures 77
3.6 Applications of High-Entropy 2D Materials in Energy Storage 81
3.7 Conclusions 90
3.8 Future Scope 91
References 91
4 Recent Advancements for High-Entropy Materials for the Dielectric Capacitor 101
Sushree Sangita Swain, Subash Chandra Sahu, Arpan Kumar Nayak, and Rakesh K. Sahoo
4.1 Introduction 101
4.2 Processing Methods and Structural Characteristics of High-Entropy Materials (HEMs) 103
4.3 Synthesis Techniques for High-Entropy Materials (HEMs) 104
4.4 Defining High-Entropy Materials: Composition and Entropy Perspectives 107
4.5 Recently Reported High-Entropy Material 107
4.6 Potential of High-Entropy Materials (HEMs) in Dielectric Energy Storage Devices 109
4.7 Application of High-Entropy Materials in Dielectric Energy Storage 110
4.8 Unique Effects in HEAs and Their Influence on Properties 113
4.9 Challenges in HEM Design for Dielectric Energy Storage 115
4.10 Device-Level Challenges in Incorporating High-Entropy Materials (HEMs) 116
4.11 Temperature-Dependent Conductivity Degradation in HEMs 117
4.12 Dielectric Polarization Response to Temperature Fluctuations in HEMs 118
4.13 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 120
References 121
5 Electrokinetics of High-Entropy Materials for Energy Storage Devices 129
Yukti Setia, Nikita Bhatt, Sankeerthana Bellamkonda, and Malaya K. Sahoo
5.1 Introduction 129
5.2 Fundamentals of Electrokinetics in Energy Storage Devices 130
5.3 Mechanistic Insights: Electrokinetics of HEMs in Energy Storage 136
5.4 Conclusions and Perspectives 151
References 152
6 Importance of High-Entropy Materials for Energy Storage Applications 159
Jala Bib Khan, Pradeep Kumar Panda, Pranjyan Dash, and Chien-Te Hsieh
6.1 Introduction 159
6.2 Fundamentals of High-Entropy Materials 160
6.3 Synthesis 162
6.4 Applications 166
6.5 Challenges and Limitations 175
6.6 Future Prospective 178
6.7 Conclusions 179
References 179
7 Noble-Metal-Based High-Entropy Oxides for Energy Storage Applications 185
Dibyananda Majhi, Shreeganesh Subraya Hegde, and Subrahmanyam Challapalli
7.1 Introduction 185
7.2 High-Entropy Oxides and Noble-Metal-Based High-Entropy Oxides 186
7.3 Synthesis Methods for High-Entropy Oxides and Noble-Metal-Based High-Entropy Oxides 189
7.4 Noble-Metal-Based High-Entropy Oxides for Energy Applications 192
7.5 Current Challenges and Future Perspectives 200
7.6 Conclusions 201
Funding Statement 201
Author Contributions 201
Conflict of Interest 202
References 202
8 Noble-Metal-Free High-Entropy Oxides for Energy Storage Applications 209
Biraj K. Satpathy
8.1 Introduction 209
References 231
9 Noble Metal-Based High-Entropy Alloys for Energy Storage Applications 239
Parul Devi
9.1 Introduction 239
9.2 Synthesis Methods 243
9.3 Entropy Enhancement of HEAs 249
9.4 Application of HEAs 250
9.5 Summary and Outlook 254
References 256
10 Noble-Metal-Free High-Entropy Alloys for Energy Storage Applications 263
Yukti Setia, Nikita Bhatt, Maneesh Kumar, and Malaya K. Sahoo
10.1 Introduction 263
10.2 Fundamentals of HEAs 265
10.3 Applications of NMF-HEAs in Energy Storage Devices 268
10.4 Conclusions and Perspectives 281
Author Contributions 282
References 282
11 Metal-Free High-Entropy Materials for Energy Storage Applications 289
Jnanranjan Panda, Dipanwita Das, Subhashree Mohanty, and Sumit Majumder
11.1 Introduction 289
11.2 Classification of HEMs 292
11.3 Advanced Synthesis Methods of HEMs 294
11.4 Characterization Techniques 299
11.5 Application of HEMs in Energy Storage Systems 300
11.6 Advantages and Challenges 308
11.7 Conclusions 309
11.8 Future Perspectives 310
References 310
12 Metal-Doped High-Entropy Materials for Energy Storage Applications 315
Barkha Rani, Sourav Ghosh, A. Deepak, and M. Suresh Kumar
12.1 Introduction 315
12.2 Role of Doping in HEMs for Energy Storage 318
12.3 Synthesis Methods of M-HEMs 319
12.4 Advantages of M-HEMs in Energy Storage Applications 325
12.5 Computational Modeling for M-HEM Development 334
12.6 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 337
References 338
13 Noble Metal-Doped High-Entropy Materials for Energy Storage Applications 347
Rajashree Sahoo, Saswat Mohapatra, Swagat Kumar Purohit, and Arpan Kumar Nayak
13.1 Introduction 347
13.2 Outline of the Applications of HEAs in Battery Fabrication 350
13.3 Synthesis 352
13.4 Summary and Future Scope 369
References 369
14 Morphology-Dependent High-Entropy Materials for Energy Storage Applications 377
Pranshula Panigrahi, Manoj Kumar Mallick, and Akshaya Kumar Palai
14.1 Introduction 377
14.2 Advanced Synthesis Techniques for Morphology Control 380
14.3 Characterization of Morphology and Properties 383
14.4 Mechanisms Governing Morphology-Dependent Performance 389
14.5 Potential Energy Storage Applications 391
14.6 Challenges and Future Perspectives 393
14.7 Conclusion 396
References 396
15 Industrial Aspects of High-Entropy Materials for Energy Storage Applications 401
Chandan Kumar Panda, Subhashree Behera, Hyun-Suk Kim, and Jungseek Hwang
15.1 Introduction 401
15.2 Fundamentals of HEMs 404
15.3 Characterization of HEMs 407
15.4 Industrial Energy Storage Technologies Utilizing HEMs 410
15.5 Manufacturing and Industrial Challenges in Energy Storage Applications 415
15.6 Summary and Conclusions 420
Acknowledgement 421
References 421
16 Current Status, Challenges, and Prospects of High-Entropy Materials 427
Swagat Kumar Purohit, Abhaya Kumar Mishra, Deepak Kumar Pradhan, and Arpan Kumar Nayak
16.1 Introduction 427
16.2 Background 428
16.3 Synthesis Method for HEMs 429
16.4 Current Status of HEMs as the Electrode in Supercapacitors 432
16.5 Current Status of HEMs as the Electrode in Lithium-Ion Batteries 433
16.6 Current Status of HEMs as the Electrode in Dielectric Materials 433
16.7 Challenges in Using HEMs as the Electrode in Supercapacitors 435
16.8 Challenges in Using HEMs as the Electrode in Lithium-Ion Batteries 435
16.9 Challenges in Using HEMs as the Raw Material for the Synthesis of Dielectric Materials 436
16.10 Prospects of HEMs as the Electrode in Supercapacitors 436
16.11 Prospects of HEMs as the Electrode in Lithium-Ion Batteries 437
16.12 Prospects of HEMs in the Synthesis of Dielectric Materials 437
References 438
Index 445
