| Acknowledgments | p. XI |
| Abbreviations, Works, and Translations | p. XIII |
| Introduction | p. XVII |
| The Development and Decline of an Aristotelian Idea of the Good Life, 1793 to 1800 | |
| The Human Spirit and Folk-Religion: The Tubingen Essay of 1793 | p. 3 |
| A Purpose Apart from Religion | p. 3 |
| The Basic Categories of Religious Analysis | p. 4 |
| Subjective and Objective Religion | p. 11 |
| The Place of Folk-religion | p. 15 |
| The Human Spirit | p. 18 |
| "A Natural Need of the Human Spirit" | p. 18 |
| The Foundations of the Human Spirit | p. 21 |
| The Unity of the Human Spirit | p. 28 |
| The Folk-Religion Project | p. 31 |
| Religion and Natural Need | p. 31 |
| Folk-Religion and Natural Need | p. 34 |
| The Instability of the Folk-Religion Project | p. 41 |
| Discovering the Community: The Berne Fragments of 1794 | p. 49 |
| A Return to the Social World | p. 49 |
| From Socrates and Christ to Athens and Jerusalem | p. 50 |
| The Elements of a Theory of Historical Development | p. 55 |
| The Phenomenology of Change: Elements I and II | p. 56 |
| The Mechanism of Historical Development: Element III | p. 57 |
| Elaboration and Further Complications: Elements IV and V | p. 58 |
| The Nature of Degeneration: Element VI | p. 59 |
| The Mediation of the Estates: Element VII | p. 60 |
| A Theory of Historical Development | p. 61 |
| Community and the Human Spirit | p. 64 |
| Historical Development and the Concept of the Community | p. 64 |
| A Social Critique of Christianity | p. 67 |
| Alienation and Community | p. 72 |
| Participation and Satisfaction | p. 78 |
| External Tension and Hope: the Possibility of Overlapping Communities | p. 78 |
| Reason and Participation | p. 80 |
| The End of the Human Spirit: The Life of Jesus of 1795 | p. 85 |
| The Volkserzieher's Project | p. 85 |
| Kantian Appearances | p. 86 |
| A Successful Volkserzieher? | p. 88 |
| A Negative Conformity with the Volkserzieher's Task | p. 93 |
| The Volkserzieher's Solution to the Problem of Participation | p. 95 |
| An Audience of Believers in Reason | p. 95 |
| Reason: Rulership, Obedience, and Self-Legislation | p. 96 |
| Self-Legislation as a Model of the Human Spirit | p. 103 |
| The Collapse of Self-Legislation and the Human Spirit | p. 104 |
| Rulership and Self-Assertion: the Collapse of Phronesis | p. 104 |
| Obedience: the Collapse of Absolute Selbsttatigkeit | p. 108 |
| A Transition to a New Basis of the Good Life | p. 111 |
| Freedom and the Completion of Aristotelian Virtue, 1821 | |
| The Mature Foundation of the Good Life: Spirit and Freedom | p. 121 |
| From the Human to the Spiritual Foundations of the Good Life | p. 121 |
| A Miseducation to the Nature of the Free Will | p. 123 |
| The Free Will's Nature and the Human Spirit's Inadequacy | p. 127 |
| The Human Spirit's New Experience and Activity within the Good Life | p. 135 |
| The Condition of Freedom and the New Question of the Good Life | p. 139 |
| Freedom and the Ancient Vision of the Good | p. 140 |
| Freedom and the Modern Vision of the Good | p. 142 |
| The New Question of the Good Life: Inquiring into the Living Presence of the Good | p. 144 |
| The Living Form of the Good Life | p. 147 |
| The Institutional Form of the Good Life | p. 147 |
| Locating the Institutional Home of the Good | p. 147 |
| Ethical Institutions as Ethical Powers | p. 154 |
| The Ethical Powers | p. 157 |
| Internal Stability | p. 158 |
| Mutual Exclusivity | p. 170 |
| A Sphere of Life | p. 172 |
| The Experiential Form of the Good Life | p. 175 |
| Duty | p. 176 |
| Virtue and Rectitude | p. 178 |
| Custom and Habit | p. 181 |
| The Living Instances of the Good Life | p. 183 |
| The Inadequacy of Philosophy as the Good Life | p. 184 |
| The Customary Good Life: Patriotism | p. 187 |
| The Ethical Habits of the Good Life | p. 189 |
| The Idea of the Good Life | p. 197 |
| The Shape of the Good Life | p. 197 |
| The Truth within the Description of Ethical Life | p. 197 |
| The Criticism within the Description of Ethical Life | p. 201 |
| The New Solution within the Description of Ethical Life | p. 206 |
| Enchantment and Banality | p. 213 |
| Vitality and the New Virtue of Freedom | p. 218 |
| Completing Ancient Ethical Virtue in Rectitude | p. 220 |
| Completing Ancient Phronesis in Ethical Habit | p. 222 |
| The Collective Determination in the New Phronesis and the Playful Revolution | p. 226 |
| Works Cited | p. 239 |
| Index | p. 247 |
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