Hands of Primates

I. Hand Use.- Hand usage in the ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta Linnaeus 1758) when solving manipulative tasks.- Locomotive and manipulative use of the hand in the Cayo Santiago macaques (Macaca mulatto).- Different hand postures for pounding nuts with natural hammers by wild chimpanzees.- Lateralised handedness, bipedalism and cortical specialisation.- The development of prehension in human and gorilla infants.- Grasping techniques and hand preferences in Hominoidea.- Energetic cost of nut-cracking behaviour in wild chimpanzees.- II. Hand Function.- Biometrical characteristics of primate hands.- New results concerning the vascularization of primate hands. Part I: The palmar arterial arches in Cercopithecidae, Pongidae, Hominidae and other primates.- New results concerning the vascularization of primate hands. Part II: The capillaries in the dermal ridges of fingers (and palms) in man and monkeys.- Adaptations in the hands of cercopithecoids and callitrichids.- Joints and muscles of hands and paws.- Muscle fibre and tendon lengths in primate extremities.- Biomechanical determinants of reduction of the second ray in Lorisinae.- Functional morphology of the human carpus.- Biomechanical considerations to explain important morphological characters of primate hands.- Elasticity of hand and forefoot tendons.- The relationship between the function and the inner cortical structure of metacarpal and phalangeal bones.- Investigations on the biomechanical significance of dermatoglyphic ridges.- III. Hand Development.- The constructional preconditions of the basic organization of the tetrapod limb.- Evolution and the hand.- A survey of fossil primate hands.- The oldest primate hands: Additional remarks and observations.- New hand bones of the early Miocene hominoid Proconsul and their implications for the evolution of the hominoid wrist.- On the development of the human hand.