Gender Negotiations Among Indians in Trinidad 1917-1947

By: P. Mohammed

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Hardcover | 16 January 2002 | Edition Number 1

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346 Pages

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22.23 x 14.61 x 2.54

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This book is about the struggles of female and male descendants of Indian indentured migrants in Trinidad in the first half of the twentieth century, each desiring to preserve some aspects of the gender system brought from India between 1845 and 1917, which were important to their continued definition of ethnic identity and community in Trinidad. At the same time the situation of migration allowed for challenges to the caste system of Hinduism and, for women and some men, new opportunities to confront the more restricting aspect of Indian patriarchy which followed them across the seas from India.

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You Can Find This Book In

Non-Fiction Society & Culture Social Groups Gender Studies Gender Studies: Women and Girls Sociology & Anthropology Sociology Anthropology Social & Cultural Anthropology, Ethnography Miscellaneous Items Social Issues & Processes Migration, Immigration & Emigration

Ethnic Studies

List of Tables and Figures	p. xi
Glossary	p. xiii
Acknowledgements	p. xx
Introduction	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
Indian Migration to Trinidad	p. 4
The Idea of an Indian Community in Trinidad	p. 6
The Centrality of Gender in Identity Formation	p. 9
The Concept of Gender Negotiation	p. 12
Crossing the Black Water: From India to Trinidad, 1845-1917	p. 17
Introduction	p. 17
Ideological Hegemonies of Gender in India	p. 19
Contestation of Ideological Hegemonies in India	p. 23
Anti-colonial and Anti-patriarchal Struggles in India	p. 25
The Context of Migration from India	p. 29
The 'Indian Woman Question'	p. 37
The First Negotiations	p. 40
Caste and gender pollution	p. 40
Female reproduction and production	p. 42
Freedom and constraints within estate life	p. 44
Interracial liaisons and violent retaliations	p. 44
Female responses	p. 46
The Twice Outcaste Sex	p. 47
Gender in the Definition of Indian Identity in Trinidad	p. 54
Introduction	p. 54
The Colonial Order	p. 55
Statutory Definitions of Difference within the Colonial Order	p. 59
The Anti-colonial Discourse in Trinidad	p. 62
The Indo-Trinidadian Nationalist Struggle	p. 63
The Markers of Indian Ethnic Difference in Trinidad	p. 69
Entrances and exits	p. 69
Indian attitudes to the new society	p. 73
Visual markers	p. 75
Language and identity	p. 77
Cultural Stereotypes	p. 79
The Home versus the World: The Centrality of Gender	p. 80
Preservation of the Race	p. 83
Gender Dynamics in the Making of Community	p. 92
A Steady Labour Force	p. 92
From Estate Labour to Land Acquisition: Relocating Community	p. 104
Family Strategies	p. 115
Conclusion	p. 125
Appendices
Map of lots sold to villages of Lengua Village and surrounding areas	p. 127
Map of sugar and cocoa estates in Trinidad in the 19th and early 20th centuries	p. 128
Map of main towns and villages in the 19th and early 20th centuries in Trinidad	p. 129
Report of the Wages Committee of 1920	p. 131
The Reconfiguration of Masculinity and Femininity: Negotiating with Myth and Symbols	p. 134
Introduction	p. 134
Continuities and Correspondence	p. 137
Transmitters of Myth and Symbol	p. 142
Ritual religious occasions	p. 142
Orality and transmission of gender ideology	p. 149
Transmission through literary sources: Newspapers, lectures and debating societies	p. 154
Heroes and heroines of the silver screen	p. 159
Negotiating with Symbols of Patriarchy	p. 165
Patriarchal Symbols	p. 168
Conclusion	p. 174
Renegotiating Sexuality	p. 175
Introduction	p. 175
Colonial Attitudes to the Sexuality of Indians	p. 177
Christian Missionary Attitudes to Indian Morality and Sexuality	p. 182
Colonial and Christian Morality	p. 185
The Attitude to Indian Sexuality in Creole Trinidad	p. 186
Negotiation of Sexuality among Indians	p. 188
Violent confrontations	p. 188
Village sanctions and control	p. 190
Female Responses	p. 194
Male Responses to a Subverted Patriarchy	p. 202
Male Control of Female Sexuality	p. 208
Conclusion	p. 213
Family, Marriage and Love	p. 215
Introduction	p. 215
Nata Ke Bhai to Pariwaar: The Recreation of Family and Kinship Systems	p. 217
Internal Affairs: Marriage Negotiations in the Indian Community	p. 226
The arrangement of marriages	p. 227
Negotiating intimacy and gender relations in child marriages	p. 231
Breakdown in arranged marriages	p. 233
Successful arrangements	p. 234
Education and the deferral of arranged marriages	p. 238
From Respect to Romantic Love	p. 247
Compromises Between Parents and Children	p. 258
Conclusion	p. 260
The Troubled Legacy of History and Love	p. 262
Notes	p. 270
Bibliography	p. 299
Index	p. 312
Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved.

Gender Negotiations Among Indians in Trinidad 1917-1947

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Hardcover

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