Fundamentals of Hazardous Materials Incidents

1. Introduction to Hazardous Materials Incidents -- 1.1. Purpose -- 1.2. Development -- 1.3. To the Student -- 2. Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Definitions -- 2.3. Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology -- 2.4. The Respiratory System -- 2.5. The Skin -- 2.6. The Digestive System -- 2.7. The Nervous System -- 2.8. The Eyes -- 2.9. The Reproductive System -- 2.10. The Endocrine System -- 2.11. The Blood Circulatory System -- 2.12. The Lymphatic System -- 2.13. The Urinary System -- 2.14. The Liver -- 2.15. Conclusion -- 2.16. Chapter Review Questions -- 3. Introduction to Toxicology -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Definitions -- 3.3. Health Hazards -- 3.4. Acute Exposures -- 3.5. Chronic Exposures -- 3.6. Toxic Classes -- 3.7. Poisoning Potential -- 3.8. Dose Response -- 3.9;. Animal Models -- 3.10. Response Curve -- 3.11. Distribution Curve -- 3.12. Analytical Limits -- 3.13. Classes of Chronic Toxins -- 3.14. Teratogens -- 3.15. Mutagens -- 3.16. Carcinogens -- 3.17. History of Cancer -- 3.18. Proven Carcinogens -- 3.19. Classes of Carcinogens -- 3.20. Fears Versus Real Concerns -- 3.21. Conclusion -- 3.22. Chapter Review Questions -- 4. Hazardous Materials -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Definitions -- 4.3. Introduction to Chemistry -- 4.4. Incompatible Chemicals -- 4.5. Chemical Safety -- 4.6. Routes of Entry -- 4.7. Dermal (Skin) Exposure -- 4.8. Respiratory Exposure -- 4.9. Digestive Exposure -- 4.10. Nervous System Exposure -- 4.11. Ocular (Eye) Exposure -- 4.12. Effects on Reproduction from Exposure -- 4.13. Effects on the Endocrine System from Exposure -- 4.14. Effects on the Circu~tory System from Exposure -- 4.15. Hepatic (Liver) Effects from Exposure -- 4.16. Urinary Effects from Exposure -- 4.17. Industrial Hygiene -- 4.18. History of Industrial Hygiene -- 4.19. Conclusion -- 4.20. Chapter Review Questions -- 5. Worker Protection -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Definitions -- 5.3. Occupational Safety and Health Act -- 5.4. Occupational Safety and Health Administration -- 5.5. National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health -- 5.6. OSHA Standards -- 5.7. NIOSH Recommended Standards -- 5.8. OSHA General Industry Standards -- 5.9. OSHA Standards for Construction -- 5.10. Legal Requirements of Employers -- 5.11. Legal Requirements of Employees -- 5.12. Limitations of OSHA Standards -- 5.13. Hazardous Materials Waming and Identification Systems -- 5.14. Department of Transportation -- 5.15. Nuclear Regulatory Commission -- 5.16. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists -- 5.17. National Fire Protection Association -- 5.18. American National Standards Institute -- 5.19. International Waming Systems -- 5.20. International Air Transport Association -- 5.21. International Maritime Organization -- 5.22. Limitations of Warning Systems -- 5.23. Values of Warning Systems -- 5.24. Conclusion -- 5.25. Chapter Review Questions -- 6. Environmental Protection -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Definitions -- 6.3. Intent of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 -- 6.4. Elements of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act -- 6.5. What is a Hazardous Waste? -- 6.6. Hazardous Waste Identification -- 6. 7. Standards Applicable to Generators -- 6.8. Standards Applicable to Transporters -- 6.9. Standards Applicable to Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facilities -- 6.10. Benefits from RCRA -- 6.11. Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 -- 6.12. Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 -- 6.13. National Priorities List -- 6.14. Sites Encountered in Cleanup Operations -- 6.15. Leaking Underground Tanks -- 6.16. Conclusion -- 6.17. Chapter Review Questions -- 7. Hazard Communication and Medical Surveillance -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. OSHA Hazard Communication Standard -- 7.3. Reasons for the Standard -- 7.4. Relation of MSDSs to SARA -- 7.5. MSDSs -- 7.6. Problems with the MSDS -- 7.7. Value of the MSDS -- 7.8. Posting of MSDSs -- 7.9. Elements of a Hazard Communication Program -- 7.10. Training -- 7.11. Medical Surveillance -- 7.12. Preemployment Physical Assessment -- 7.13. Periodic Physical Examinations -- 7.14. Biological Exposure Indices® -- 7.15. Postemployment Physical Examinations -- 7.16. Occupations Requiring Medical Surveillance -- 7.17. Conclusion -- 7.18. Chapter Review Questions -- 8. Factors Affecting Response /Site Personnel -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. Heat -- 8.3. Cold -- 8.4. Oxygen Deficiency -- 8.5. Unusual Factors that Might be Encountered -- 8.6. Safety Considerations -- 8.7. Personal Hygiene -- 8.8. Alcohol and Medication -- 8.9. The Buddy System -- 8.10. Response Team Safety Plan -- 8.11. Communications -- 8.12. Decontamination -- 8.13. Conclusion -- 8.14. Chapter Review Questions -- 9. Classification of Hazardous Materials -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. Hazardous Materials -- 9.3. Hazardous Waste -- 9.4. Multiple Hazards -- 9.5. Classifications of Hazards -- 9.6. Explosives -- 9.7. Flammables and Combustibles -- 9.8. Poisons -- 9.9. Radioactive Materials -- 9.10. Corrosive Materials -- 9.11. Oxidizers -- 9.12. Etiological Agents -- 9.13. Irritating Agents -- 9.14. Organic Peroxides -- 9.15. Asphyxiants -- 9.16. Identification of Hazardous Materials -- 9.17. United Nations Hazard Classes -- 9.18. Color Coding -- 9.19. Compressed Gases-Medical -- 9.20. Compressed Gases-Commercial -- 9.21. Color Coding of Barrels -- 9.22. Labels -- 9.23. Bill of Lading -- 9.24. Placarding -- 9.25. National Response Center -- 9.26. CHEMTREC -- 9.27. Conclusion -- 9.28. Chapter Review Questions -- 10. Incident Command System -- 10.1. Introduction -- 10.2. Responsibilities of the Incident Commander -- 10.3. Incident Command Checklist -- 10.4. Cessation of Response -- 10.5. Conclusion -- 10.6. Chapter Review Questions -- 11. Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment -- 11.1. Introduction -- 11.2. Types of Personal Protective Clothing -- 11.3. Fire Fighting -- 11.4. Proximity or Approach Garments -- 11.5. Flotation Gear -- 11.6. Blast and Fragmentation Suits -- 11.7. Antiradiation Suits -- 11.8. Cooling Gannents -- 11.9. Chemical-Protective Clothing -- 11.10. Fully Encapsulating Suits -- 11.11. Nonencapsulating Suits -- 11.12. Selection of Protective Clothing -- 11.13. Permeation -- 11.14. Durability -- 11.15. Flexibility -- 11.16. Temperature -- 11.17. Ease of Decontamination -- 11.18. Compatibility with Other Equipment -- 11.19. Duration -- 11.20. Levels of Protection -- 11.21. Level A -- 11.22. Level B -- 11.23. Level C -- 11.24. Level D -- 11.25. Determination of Level of Protection -- 11.26. Components and Criteria for Selecting Level A Personal Protective Equipment -- 11.27. Components and Criteria for Selecting Level B Personal Protective Equipment -- 11.28. Components and Criteria for Selecting Level C Personal Protective Equipment -- 11.29. Components and Criteria for Selecting Level D Personal Protective Equipment -- 11.30. Conclusion -- 11.31. Chapter Review Questions -- 12. Pesticide Incidents -- 12.1. Introduction -- 12.2. Routes of Entry -- 12.3. Personal Protective Equipment -- 12.4. Symptoms of Pesticide Poisoning -- 12.5. Reactions from Specific Pesticides -- 12.6. First Aid -- 12.7. Conclusion -- 12.8. Chapter Review Questions -- 13. Equipment Decontamination -- 13.1. Introduction -- 13.2. Equipment Maintenance -- 13.3. Personal Hygiene -- 13.4. Emergency Repairs -- 13.5. Maintenance on Contaminated Equipment -- 13.6. Field Decontamination -- 13.7. Air Filters /Oil Filters /Engine Oil -- 13.8. Field Repairs -- 13.9. Welding -- 13.10. Tools and Components Used in Field Maintenance -- 13.11. Powered Hand Tools -- 13.12. Clean Work Area -- 13.13. Conclusion -- 13.14. Chapter Review Questions -- 14. Radiation and Radioactivity -- 14.1. Introduction -- 14.2. Definitions -- 14.3. Types of Radiation -- 14.4. Electromagnetic Radiation -- 14.5. Radioactivity -- 14.6. Alpha Radiation -- 14.7. Beta Radiation -- 14.8. Gamma Radiation -- 14.9. Neutron Radiation -- 14.10. Protection from Radiation -- 14.11. Effects of Ionizing Radiation -- 14.12. Background Radiation -- 14.13. Conclusion -- 14.14. Chapter Review Questions -- 15. Incident /Site Monitoring -- 15.1. Introduction -- 15.2. Rationale for Using Monitoring Equipment -- 15.3. Utilization of Air-Monitoring Instruments -- 15.4. General Construction Specifications -- 15.5. Guidelines for Instrument Usage -- 15.6. Inherent Safety -- 15.7. Radiological Monitoring Instruments -- 15.8. Oxygen-Availability Instruments -- 15.9. Combustibility-Monitoring Equipment -- 15.10. Corrosivity Monitoring -- 15.11. Site Monitoring -- 15.12. Air Surveillance -- 15.13. Benefits of Monitoring -- 15.14. Monitoring Considerations -- 15.15. Direct-Reading Instruments -- 15.16. Air-Monitoring Instruments -- 15.17. Mobile Laboratory -- 15.18. Periodic Monitoring -- 15.19. Personal Monitoring -- 15.20. Types of Personal Monitors -- 15.21. Gas and Vapor Sampling -- 15.22. Gas Detectors -- 15.23. Weather Considerations -- 15.24. Temperature -- 15.25. Wind Speed -- 15.26. Rainfall -- 15.27. Moisture -- 15.28. Barometric Pressure -- 15.29. Weather Watching -- 15.30. Natural or Biological Hazards -- 15.31. Conclusion -- 15.32. Chapter Review Questions -- 16. Respiratory Protection -- 16.1. Introduction -- 16.2. Types of Respirators -- 16.3. Air-Purifying Respirators -- 16.4. Powered Air-Purifying Respirators -- 16.5. Atmosphere-Supplying Respirators -- 16.6. Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus -- 16.7. Operational Modes of SCBA -- 16.8. Operational Limitations of SCBA -- 16.9. Wearing an SCBA During a Response or on a Site -- 16.10. Conservation of Air -- 16.11. Your Air Runs Out! -- 16.12. Regulator Malfunction -- 16.13. Egress -- 16.14. Training -- 16.15. Medical Examinations -- 16.16. Respiratory Protection Program -- 16.17. Conclusion -- 16.18. Chapter Review Questions -- 17. Conclusion -- References -- Appendix A: Information Resources -- Appendix B: OSHA Offices -- Appendix C: RCRA ''D" Hazardous Wastes (Wastes Listed According to Characteristics) -- Appendix D: RCRA "F'' Hazardous Wastes (Wastes Listed According to Source) -- Appendix E: RCRA "P" Hazardous Wastes (Extremely Toxic Wastes) -- Appendix F: RCRA "U" Hazardous Wastes (Toxic Wastes) -- Appendix G: Nuclear Regulatory Commission Offices -- Appendix H: The List of Extremely Hazardous Substances and Community Right-to-Know Regulations -- Appendix I: 29 CFR Parts 1910, 1915, 1917, 1918, 1926, and 1928: Hazard Communication; Final Rule -- Appendix J: 29 CFR Part 1910: Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response; Final Rule -- Appendix K: Title m List of Lists -- Glossary -- Index.