Force and Statecraft

Introduction Part I. 1. The Emergence of Diplomacy and the Great Powers The Early Techniques, Instruments, and Ideas of Diplomacy States and Raison d'état in the Seventeenth Century War and Ceompetition in the Eighteenth Century 2. The Classical System of Diplomacy, 1815-1914 Building a System with a Balance of Power and a Concert Change and an Experiment with a Defensive Alliance System Further Change and an Experiment with Bipolar Alignment Characteristics of the System 3. The Diplomatic Revolution Begins, 1919-1939 Attempts at Peacemaking and System Building Public Opinion and Foreign Policy Economics and Foreign Policy Totalitarian and Democratic Diplomacy and the Contrast of Norms 4. A Postwar System of Security: Great Power Directorate or United Nations? Plans for a Postwar System of Security Force and Statecraft as Envisioned by the United Nations Charter Changing World Conditions and Readjustments 5. The Cold War The Origins and Escalation of the Cold War Seeking Restraints Through Deterrence, Diplomacy, and Détente Persistent Problems and the Final Demise of the Cold War 6. The Evolving International System "A World in a Rapid State of Transition" Challenges to Nation-States and National Sovereighnty Terrorists and the "War Against Terrorism" Partners or Rivals? Part II. 7. Lessons of History and Knowledge for Statecraft Classical Writers on the Importance of Historical Lessons The Historical Habit of Mind The Challenges of Learning and Applying Lessons of History Structured, Focused Comparisons 8. Negotiation Principles of Negotiation The Congress of Vienna, 1814-1815 The Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, 1972-1975 Negotiations Over Nuclear Weapons in North Korea, N993-2005 Analysis 9. Deterrence Principles of Deterrence Collective Security for the Post-1815 Settlement British and French Attempts to Deter Hitler's Attack on Poland, 1939 Contemporary American Deterrence Over Taiwan Analysis 10. Coercive Diplomacy Principles of Coercive Diplomacy American "Gunboat Diplomacy," 1852-1941 U.S. Policy Toward Japan, 1938-1941 The Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962 Analysis 11. Crisis Management Principles of Crisis Management Bismarck as an "Honest Broker" in the Crisis of 1878 The "Guns of August," 1914 Managing the 1973 Arab-Israeli War Analysis Part III. 12. Ethics and Other Restraints on Force and Statecraft Practical, Structural, and Political Restraints Ethics and International Politics Ethical Restraints for Foreign Policy Ethical Restraints for Armed Force Epilogue: Some Reflections on History, Theory, the Diplomatic Revolution, and Challenges Ahead