
Educational Psychology
Impact of Psychological Factors on Education
By: Joshua Aronson (Editor)
Hardcover | 15 April 2002
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395 Pages
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Section one focuses on what motivates students, how self-esteem affects the learning process, the consequences of achievement goals, the effects of student attributions of success and failure, self-handicapping, methods of strategic learning, and how to successfully use one's intelligence. Section two discusses how the offering of rewards may affect achievement, how teacher expectations may affect student performance, the effects of stereotypes, feedback, and social rejection. There's also a discussion of effective means of turning at-risk students into scholars, and how students can successfully traverse transitions to middle school.
Industry Reviews
| Contributors | p. xv |
| Foreword | p. xix |
| Preface | p. xxiii |
| Acknowledgments | p. xxvii |
| Introductory Chapter | |
| Self and Self-Belief in Psychology and Education: A Historical Perspective | |
| Historical Development of Research on the Self | p. 5 |
| The Insurgence of Behaviorist Theories | p. 9 |
| The Humanistic Revolt | p. 10 |
| The Cognitive Revolution | p. 12 |
| Return of Interest in the Self | p. 13 |
| Why the Resurgent Interest in Self-Beliefs Is Warranted | p. 16 |
| Revisiting and Extending Classic Lessons | |
| The Pygmalion Effect and Its Mediating Mechanisms | |
| Some Early Results | p. 26 |
| Teacher Expectation Effects | p. 28 |
| Replicability of Pygmalion Effects | p. 32 |
| The Four-Factor "Theory" | p. 33 |
| Messages That Motivate: How Praise Molds Students' Beliefs, Motivation, and Performance (in Surprising Ways) | |
| The Role of Motivation in Achievement | p. 38 |
| The Role of Beliefs in Motivation: Overview of the Chapter | p. 39 |
| Students' "Theories of Intelligence" | p. 40 |
| Can Theories of Intelligence Be Changed? | p. 45 |
| Pygmalion and the Malleable Theory | p. 56 |
| Conclusion | p. 57 |
| The Paradox of Achievement: The Harder You Push, the Worse it Gets | |
| Excellence in Education | p. 62 |
| A Motivational Analysis | p. 63 |
| Motivation and Learning Outcomes | p. 75 |
| What Leads Teachers to Control? | p. 77 |
| Conclusion | p. 80 |
| Improving the Academic Performance of College Students with Brief Attributional Interventions | |
| Misattribution Research | p. 91 |
| Reattribution Interventions | p. 92 |
| Improving the Academic Performance of College Students | p. 95 |
| Recommendations for Educators | p. 102 |
| Self-Handicapping and School: Academic Self-Concept and Self-Protective Behavior | |
| Self-Handicapping Motives | p. 111 |
| Individual Differences in Self-Handicapping Tendencies | p. 116 |
| Consequences of Self-Handicapping | p. 119 |
| Indications for the Classroom | p. 122 |
| The Wisdom of Practice: Lessons Learned from the Study of Highly Effective Tutors | |
| Background | p. 136 |
| Studying "Expert" Tutors | p. 139 |
| Some General Preliminary Findings | p. 140 |
| The "Expert" Tutor | p. 144 |
| The INSPIRE Model | p. 144 |
| Summary | p. 151 |
| Implications | p. 152 |
| Students' Motivation During the Middle School Years | |
| Biological and Cognitive Changes at Early Adolescence | p. 160 |
| Changes in Self-Concept and Motivation During Early Adolescence | p. 161 |
| The Middle-Grade School Transition and Student Motivation | p. 166 |
| Gender Differences in Motivation and Self-Concept at Early Adolescence | p. 175 |
| Self-Efficacy and Self-Regulated Learning: The Dynamic Duo in School Performance | |
| Self-Efficacy | p. 186 |
| Self-Regulated Learning | p. 194 |
| Implications for Teachers | p. 195 |
| Conclusion | p. 204 |
| Building Empathy, Compassion, and Achievement in the Jigsaw Classroom | |
| Taking a Close Look at the Classroom Atmosphere | p. 213 |
| Changing the Classroom Atmosphere | p. 214 |
| The Jigsaw Classroom | p. 215 |
| Cooperation: Jigsaw and Basketball | p. 219 |
| Long-Term Effects? | p. 220 |
| A Postscript | p. 223 |
| Intelligence is not Just Inside the Head: The Theory of Successful Intelligence | |
| Inadequacy of Conventional Notions of Intelligence | p. 228 |
| Three Aspects of Successful Intelligence | p. 232 |
| Conclusion | p. 241 |
| Current Lessons | |
| Being and Becoming a Good Person: The Role of Emotional Intelligence in Moral Development and Behavior | |
| What is Emotional Intelligence? | p. 248 |
| A (Very) Brief History of Moral Psychology and Emotion | p. 249 |
| Perceiving and Appraising Emotions | p. 251 |
| Emotions That Help Us Think | p. 253 |
| Employing Emotional Knowledge | p. 255 |
| Effectively Regulating Emotions in Ourselves and in Others | p. 256 |
| A Word About Moral Principles | p. 259 |
| Moral Education | p. 260 |
| Conclusion | p. 262 |
| Mozart and the Mind: Factual and Fictional Effects of Musical Enrichment | |
| School District of Kettle-Moraine Study | p. 269 |
| Theoretical Interpretations | p. 273 |
| The Link Between Music and Math | p. 274 |
| Implications for Public Policy | p. 274 |
| Stereotype Threat: Contending and Coping with Unnerving Expectations | |
| Stereotype Threat | p. 281 |
| Contending with Stereotype Threat | p. 283 |
| Coping with Stereotype Threat | p. 289 |
| Reducing Stereotype Threat: What Teachers Can Do | p. 293 |
| Conclusion | p. 297 |
| A Barrier of Mistrust: How Negative Stereotypes Affect Cross-Race Mentoring | |
| Stigmatization Impedes the Establishment of Trust | p. 305 |
| Mistrust Undermines Motivation and Performance | p. 307 |
| Allaying Stigmatization Enhances Motivation and Performance | p. 309 |
| The Mentor's Dilemma: A Specific Application | p. 310 |
| Generalizing the Framework: Women Working in the Natural Sciences | p. 312 |
| The Other Side: Some Effects of Stigmatization on Teacher Feedback | p. 314 |
| Additional Strategies for Creating Trust | p. 317 |
| Conclusion | p. 322 |
| Toward A Resolution of An American Tension: Some Applications of the Helping Model of Affirmative Action to Schooling | |
| Legal Manifestations of an American Tension | p. 332 |
| What Have We Learned from Attempts at School Desegregation? | p. 336 |
| What Have We Learned from Recent Attempts at Affirmative Action? | p. 338 |
| An Overview of the Helping Model of Affirmative Action | p. 343 |
| Affirmative Action as Help: A Donor's Perspective | p. 344 |
| Affirmative Action as Help: A Recipient's Perspective | p. 348 |
| Towards Cooperative and Democratic Help | p. 351 |
| A Democratic Vision for Schools | p. 354 |
| Social Exclusion in the Classroom: Teachers and Students as Agents of Change | |
| Social Exclusion as a School Problem | p. 364 |
| Why are Children Excluded? | p. 365 |
| Current Interventions | p. 367 |
| Intervening in the Process of Exclusion | p. 370 |
| An Alternative Intervention Approach | p. 373 |
| Suggestions for Future Research and Classroom Practice | p. 376 |
| Postscript | p. 379 |
| Index | p. 385 |
| Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved. |
ISBN: 9780120644551
ISBN-10: 012064455X
Series: Educational Psychology
Published: 15th April 2002
Format: Hardcover
Language: English
Number of Pages: 395
Audience: General Adult
Publisher: Emerald Publishing Limited
Country of Publication: GB
Dimensions (cm): 25.0 x 152.0 x 229.0
Weight (kg): 0.7
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