Digital Records, Heritage Conservation and Post-earthquake Re-construction in Chile

List of figures

List of abbreviations

Acknowledgements

Preface

Introduction

Situating the argument

Earthquakes in Chile

Re-construction and record

Structure of the book

Chapter 1: Built heritage conservation

1.1. A brief history of conservation

1.1.1. Initial attempts

1.1.2. Rome and beyond

1.1.3. Middle Ages

1.1.4. From the Renaissance

1.1.5. The becoming of heritage

1.2 Why conserve?

1.2.1. Living heritage: tangible and intangible

1.2.2. Sustainability and economic value

1.2.3. Tourism

1.2.4. Memory and the construction of history

1.3 How to conserve?

1.3.1. Concepts of intervention in built heritage

1.3.2. Reconstruction and re-construction

1.3.3. Time in built heritage restoration

1.3.4. Continuous conservation

1.3.5. Two intervention extremes

1.4. Concluding remarks

Chapter 2: Recording heritage buildings

2.1. Architectural representation, building and measuring

2.1.1 Building as recording

2.1.2. Architectural treatises

2.1.3. Other records

2.2. Surveying buildings

2.2.1. Hand-measuring method

2.2.2. Photography

2.2.3. 3D imaging

2.2.4. 3D scanning using projected light

2.2.5. 3D-laser-scanning

2.3. The rise of digital recording technologies

2.3.1. Products from the 3D record

2.3.2. Designing from the 3D scan data

2.3.3. The paradox of the complete record

2.3.4. Record and archive

2.3.5. Continuous modelling and design

2.3.6. Visual replica

2.4. Concluding remarks

Chapter 3: Record and reconstruction in the face of destruction

3.1. Potential destruction

3.1.1. The record

3.1.2. Rebuilding as replica

3.1.3. The paradox of the original

3.2 Recording for re-construction

3.2.1 Documenting to manage risk

3.2.2 Post-destruction assessment and documen

3.3 Post-earthquake intervention of heritage areas

3.3.1 Building techniques in reconstruction and re-construction

3.4. Concluding remarks

Chapter 4: Reconstruction of heritage areas in Chile

4.1. Built heritage in Chile

4.1.1. Continuous destruction because of earthquakes

4.1.2 Heritage stance

4.1.3. Recording heritage buildings

4.1.4 Mitigation of heritage damage

4.2. Case studies

4.2.1. Two earthquakes

4.2.2 Chilean heritage areas

4.2.3. Tarapaca

4.2.4. Zuniga

4.2.5. Lolol

4.3. Reconstruction after earthquakes in Chile

4.3.1. Emergency period

4.3.2. Permanent housing

4.3.3. Post-earthquake surveys

4.3.4. 2005 Earthquake

4.3.5. 2010 Earthquake

4.4. Persisting challenges

4.4.1. Emergency period

4.4.2 Reconstruction process

4.5. Concluding remarks

Chapter 5: The record

5.1. Data capture on-site

5.1.1. Documenting the built environment

5.1.2. Inhabitants' perception

5.2. Visualisation

5.3 Limitations

5.4 The record for analysis

5.4.1. Post-earthquake surveys

5.4.2 Architectural design, heritage elements and the sustainability of the new "heritage" dwellings

5.4.3. The paradox of authentic reproduction

5.5. Concluding remarks

Chapter 6: Re-construction alternative

6.1. Documenting to mitigate risk

6.1.1. Mitigation retrofitting

6.1.2. Integrating inhabitants

6.2. Designing from the record

6.2.1. Time

6.2.2 Spatial use: the inhabited record

6.2.3 Sustainability and materiality

6.3.2. Spatial use: the inhabited record

6.3 Re-construction

6.3.1 Tarapaca - memory

6.3.2 Zuniga - use

6.3.3. Lolol - in-between

6.4. Concluding remarks

Conclusions

Methodology

As a post-earthquake documenting tool

As a basis for analysis and design

Going beyond the buildings

Implications

New Buildings for old

Mitigation as conservation

Continuous transformation

Projections

References

Index