Design of Earthquake Resistant Foundations

Design of Earthquake Resistant Foundations â" Overview. Introduction. The Foundation Design Process. Definition of Performance. Design Analysis. Levels of Design Analysis. Soil Structure Interaction. Soil Properties. Loadings. Foundation Capacity. Foundation Stiffness. Procedure Presented in this Volume. Key Concepts. References. Foundation Reponses to Earthquake. Introduction. Comparisons between Recorded Free-Field and Foundation Motions. Japanese Observations. Influence of Soil-Structure Interaction on Foundation Response. Observations of Damage Caused to Shallow Foundations by Earthquakes. Mixed Foundation Systems. Observations of Damage Caused to House Foundations by Earthquakes. Observations of Damage Caused to Pile Foundations by Earthquakes. Observations of Pile Foundation Stiffness Behavior during Earthquakes. Key Concepts. References. Shear Strength and Stiffness of Cohesionless Soil. Introduction. Static Stiffness of Cohesionless Soils. Dynamic Shear Strength of Cohesionless Soils. Dynamic Stiffness of Cohesionless Soils. Other Aspects of the Behavior of Cohesionless Soils. Key Concepts. Shear Strength and Stiffness of Cohesive Soil. Introduction. Soil Strength Parameters for Stability Analysis. Normally Consolidated Sedimentary Soils. Overconsolidated Sedimentary Soils. Residual Soils. Key Ideas. References. Inference of Property Values from in Situ Test Data. Introductory Comments. Some Complex Soil Profiles. Vane Shear Strength Profiles. SPT In Situ Penetrometer Testing and Interpretation. CPT In Situ Testing and Interpretation. Common CPT Empirical Relationships. Application of the Marchetti Dilatometer. Pressure Meter Testing. Geophysical Methods of Soil Profiling. Development of Site Geotechnical Model. Key Concepts. References. Earthquake Induced Foundation Actions. Introduction. Site Effects. Earthquake Loading and Design Response Spectra. Soil-Structure Interaction. Wind and Wave Loading. Load and Resistance Factored Design (LRFD). Partial Factor of Safety Approaches. General Comments about Building Foundation Conceptual Design. Key Concepts. References. Shallow Foundation Static Bearing Strength. Introduction. Ultimate Limit State Methods for Shallow Foundations. Shallow Foundation Bearing Strength Equation. Two Examples. EC7 Bearing Strength Surface. Ultimate Limit State Calculations and the Bearing Strength Surface. Bearing Strength Surface Including Shape and Depth Factors. Examples. Other Approaches to Bearing Strength Surfaces. Key Concepts. References. Shallow Foundation Earthquake Bearing Strength. Introduction. EC8 Bearing Strength Surfaces. Comparison of the EC7 and EC8 Bearing Strength Surfaces. Earthquake Effects with the EC8 Bearing Strength Surface. Allowing for EQ Inertia in Shallow Foundation Design. Other Approaches. Key Concepts. References. Shallow Foundation Static Elastic Stiffness. Introduction. Elastic Stress-Strain Relations. Elastic Half Space. The Work of Gazetas et al. Simple Non-Homogeneous Soil Profiles. An Important Distinction. Complex Layered Profiles. Time Required for Settlement to Occur. Key Concepts. References. Shallow Foundation Dynamic Elastic Stiffness. Introduction. Dynamic Response of a Single Degree of Freedom System. Rigid Circular Foundation on A Deep Elastic Layer. Stiffness and Damping for a Rigid Foundation on a Deep Elastic Layer. Field Test Verification of the Elastic Dynamic Response of a Rectangular Foundation. Key Concepts. References. Elastic Soil-Structure-Interaction. Introduction. Single Degree of Freedom Model. Response Spectrum Method. Kinematic and Inertial Soil-Structure Interaction. Choice of Soil Stiffness Values for Estimation of Earthquake Response. Single Degree of Freedom Structure-Foundation Model. Damping and Dynamic Response. The Correspondence Principle. Lagrangeâs Equations. Wolfâs SDOF Model. Inclusion of Foundation Mass and Inertia. Maximum Earthquake Foundation Displacements. Key Concepts. References. Soil-Foundation-Structure-Interaction (SFSI). Introduction. Shallow Foundation Nonlinear Pushover Response. Measured nonlinear Dynamic Excitation of Shallow Foundations. Shallow Foundation Macroelement Model. Shallow Foundation Spring-Bed Models. Comparison of Shallow Foundation Models. Displacement Based Design of a Shallow Foundation. Integrated Design of Structure-Foundation Systems. Key Concepts. References. Ultimate Capacity of Pile Foundations. Capacity of Pile Foundations. Vertical Capacity. Pile Lateral Capacity. Pile Group Capacity. Key Concepts. References. Single Pile Static Lateral Stiffness. Standard Models for Pile Lateral Stiffness. Winkler Model. Elastic Continuum Approach. Comparison of the Elastic Continuum and Winkler Analyses. Flexibility Coefficients When the Pile Head is above the Ground Line. Pile Head Stiffness. Diameter Effects on Pile Head Stiffness. Key Concepts. References. Single Pile Static Vertical Stiffness. Standard Models for Pile Axial Stiffness. Winkler Model. Elastic Continuum. Raked Piles. Key Concepts. References. Single Pile Nonlinear Lateral Stiffness. Preliminary Comments. Local Failure. Nonlinear Soil Reaction and Layered Soil Profiles. Case Studies. Lateral Response of Piles in Liquefied Ground. Key Concepts. References. Pile Group Static Stiffness. Stiffness Of Pile Groups. Vertical Stiffness of Pile Groups. Rotational Stiffness of a Free-Head Free-Standing Pile Group. Lateral Stiffness of Pile Groups. Rotational Stiffness of A Fixed Head Free Standing Pile Group. Torsional Stiffness of a Free Standing Free Head Pile Group. Case Study. Effects of Nonlinear Soil Behavior. Key Concepts. References. Pile-Raft Foundations. Introductory Comments. Current Applications of Pile-Rafts. Where Pile-Rafts are Not Applicable. Vertical Stiffness of Pile Rafts. Horizontal and Rotational Stiffness of Pile Rafts. Embedded Pile-Rafts. Key Concepts. References. Single Pile Dynamic Stiffness. Introduction. Dynamic Tests on Prototype Scale Piles and Groups. Dynamic Response of Single Piles. Effect of Abrupt Changes in Layer Properties. Key Concepts. References. Pile Group Dynamic Stiffness. Dynamic Stiffness of Pile Groups. Measured Response of Pile Groups. Rigorous Numerical Analyses of Pile Group Dynamics. Dynamic Stiffness of Pile Groups. Key Concepts. References. Earthquake Induced Earth Pressures. Introductory Comments. Limiting Equilibrium Estimates of Earth Pressures. Upper and Lower Bound Estimates of Earth Pressures. Mylonakis and the Mononobe-Okabe Equations. Comparison of Measured and Theoretical Earth Pressures. Limit State Design and Earth Pressures. Earth Pressures Against Restrained Walls. Calculation of Seismically Induced Earth Pressures Against Restrained Walls. Load Deformation Curves for Passive Resistance. Seismically Induced Earth Pressures from Saturated Soil. Key Concepts.