
Crossroads between Innate and Adaptive Immunity
By: Peter D. Katsikis (Editor), Bali Pulendran (Editor), Stephen P. Schoenberger (Editor)
Hardcover | 6 December 2006
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256 Pages
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| List of Contributors | p. xvii |
| Signal Transduction in DC Differentiation: Winged Messengers and Achilles' Heel | |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| Dendritic Cell Functional Diversity | p. 1 |
| DC Progenitors | p. 6 |
| Winged Messengers - Signaling Pathways that Drive DC Differentiation | p. 6 |
| Extracellular Stimuli | p. 6 |
| Intracellular Signal Transduction | p. 7 |
| Achilles' Heel - Subversion of DC Differentiation by Pathogen-Mediated Disruption of Signal Transduction Pathways | p. 15 |
| Yersinia and the Disruption of Intracellular Signaling Pathways | p. 16 |
| Yersinia and DC Differentiation | p. 16 |
| Concluding Remarks | p. 17 |
| References | p. 17 |
| Shaping Naive and Memory CD8+T Cell Responses in Pathogen Infections through Antigen Presentation | |
| Introduction | p. 31 |
| Dendritic Cells of Spleen and Lymph Nodes | p. 31 |
| Role of Dendritic Cells in Pathogen Responses | p. 33 |
| Priming Naive T Cells | p. 33 |
| Identifying the Main Movers and Shakers in Infection | p. 34 |
| Dendritic Cell Subsets in Pathogen Infections | p. 35 |
| Amplification of Memory CD8+T Cells in Secondary Infections | p. 38 |
| Conclusions | p. 39 |
| Acknowledgments | p. 39 |
| References | p. 39 |
| Understanding the Role of Innate Immunity in the Mechanism of Action of the Live Attenuated Yellow Fever Vaccine 17D | |
| Introduction: A Historical Perspective | p. 43 |
| Understanding the Innate Immune Mechanism of Action of YF-17D | p. 46 |
| Concluding Remarks | p. 48 |
| Acknowledgments | p. 48 |
| References | p. 48 |
| The Function of Local Lymphoid Tissues in Pulmonary Immune Responses | |
| Lymph Node Structure and Development | p. 55 |
| Role of Local Lymphoid Organs in Pulmonary Immunity | p. 57 |
| Structure and Function of Nasal-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (NALT) | p. 57 |
| Pulmonary Immune Responses in the Absence of Secondary Lymphoid Organs | p. 58 |
| Structure and Function of Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (BALT) | p. 60 |
| Does iBALT Confer Antiinflammatory Properties on Local Immune Responses? | p. 63 |
| Conclusions and Future Directions | p. 63 |
| Acknowledgments | p. 64 |
| References | p. 65 |
| The Yin and Yang of Adaptive Immunity in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Donor Antigen-Presenting Cells Can Either Augment or Inhibit Donor T Cell Alloreactivity | |
| Introduction | p. 70 |
| Materials and Methods | p. 71 |
| Mice | p. 71 |
| LBRM Tumor Cell Line | p. 72 |
| Donor Cell Preparations | p. 72 |
| BM CD11b Depletion and Splenic T Cell Purification | p. 73 |
| Recipient Mice Conditioning | p. 73 |
| BMT and Leukemia Challenge | p. 73 |
| Analyses of DC Subsets and DC Precursors in BM and Spleen Grafts | p. 73 |
| Analyses of Hematopoietic Engraftment of Transplant Recipients | p. 74 |
| Serum Gamma Interferon (IFN-[gamma]) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-[alpha]) Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) | p. 74 |
| Assessments of Survival and GvHD in Transplant Recipients | p. 74 |
| Statistical Analyses | p. 74 |
| Results | p. 75 |
| MACs Depletion of CD11b[superscript +] Cells in the BM Graft Does not Affect Stem Cell Content | p. 75 |
| Transplanting Manipulated BM Grafts in the Absence of Added Splenocytes Did not Lead to Graft Rejection or GvHD | p. 75 |
| CD11b-Depleted BM Grafts Combined with Low-Dose Splenocytes or Splenic T Cells Led to Slight Enhancement of Non-Lethal GvHD in Recipients of Allogeneic BMT | p. 75 |
| CD11b[superscript +] Cell-Enriched BM Grafts Combined with Low-Dose Splenocytes or Splenic T Cells Inhibited GvHD in Recipients of Allogeneic BMT | p. 76 |
| No Combinations of Unmanipulated BM and Splenocytes Produced a GvL Effect without also Causing Lethal GvHD | p. 77 |
| The Combination of CD11b-Depleted BM and Low-Dose Donor Splenocytes Led to a Durable GvL Effect without GvHD | p. 78 |
| Recipients of CD11b-Depleted BM Grafts Had Increased Numbers of Donor Spleen-Derived Memory T Cells in the Blood Post-Transplant | p. 79 |
| Recipients of CD11b-Depleted Allogeneic BMT Had Increased Levels of Serum IFN-[gamma] at Day +30 Post-BMT | p. 81 |
| Discussion | p. 81 |
| Acknowledgments | p. 84 |
| References | p. 84 |
| It's Only Innate Immunity But I Like It | |
| Introduction | p. 89 |
| The Immunoregulatory Role of NK Cells: Crosstalk between NK, MDDC, and PDC | p. 90 |
| Crosstalk between Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses | p. 92 |
| Involvement of Neutrophils in the Regulation of Adaptive Immune Responses through Interactions with Other Innate Effector Cells | p. 93 |
| Other Innate Cells Such as Mast Cells or Eosinophils Are Important in the Early Phases of Innate Immune Responses | p. 94 |
| Concluding Remarks | p. 97 |
| Ackowledgments | p. 97 |
| References | p. 97 |
| Innate Tumor Immune Surveillance | |
| Introduction | p. 103 |
| Type I Interferon | p. 103 |
| NKG2D | p. 104 |
| Cytokines that Act via NKG2D | p. 106 |
| Acknowledgments | p. 106 |
| References | p. 107 |
| Regulation of Adaptive Immunity by Cells of the Innate Immune System: Bone Marrow Natural Killer Cells Inhibit T Cell Proliferation | |
| Introduction | p. 113 |
| Regulatory Function of NK Cells | p. 114 |
| NK Cells Inhibit by a Non-Cytotoxic Mechanism | p. 115 |
| NK Cells Inhibit Cell Cycle Progression | p. 116 |
| Bone Marrow-Derived NK Cells Have Unique Function | p. 117 |
| Role of NK Cells in Immune Homeostasis | p. 118 |
| Acknowledgments | p. 119 |
| References | p. 119 |
| Induction and Maintenance of CD8+T Cells Specific for Persistent Viruses | |
| Persistent Viruses Are Prevalent in Human and Mice | p. 122 |
| General Effects of Persistent Viruses on the Host Immune System | p. 123 |
| Generation of CD8+ Memory T Cells | p. 124 |
| Function of Memory CD8+ T Cells Specific for Persistent Viruses | p. 126 |
| Phenotype of Memory CD8+ T Cells Specific for Persistent Viruses | p. 127 |
| Maintenance of Memory CD8+ T Cells Specific for Persistent Viruses | p. 129 |
| Regulation of IL-7R[alpha] Expression by the Presence of Antigen | p. 130 |
| Concluding Remarks | p. 131 |
| References | p. 131 |
| Germinal Center-Derived B Cell Memory | |
| Introduction | p. 139 |
| Materials and Methods | p. 140 |
| Mice and Immunizations | p. 140 |
| [Beta]-Galactosidase Detection, Antibodies, and Flow Cytometry | p. 140 |
| ELISPOT Assay | p. 141 |
| Cell Sorting and Adoptive Transfers | p. 141 |
| PCR and DNA Sequencing | p. 141 |
| Statistics | p. 141 |
| Results | p. 141 |
| Generation of Germinal Center-Cre Transgenic Mice | p. 141 |
| Splenic [Beta]-gal Expression Is Induced upon Immunization | p. 142 |
| [Beta]-Galactosidase Expression Does not Mark All GC B Cells | p. 143 |
| [Beta]-gal[superscript +] GC B Cells Contain Mutated [lambda][subscript 1] V Regions | p. 144 |
| Hypermutated [Beta]-gal[superscript +] Memory B Cells Transfer Ag Recall Responses | p. 145 |
| Conclusion | p. 147 |
| References | p. 147 |
| CD28 and CD27 Costimulation of CD8+ T Cells: A Story of Survival | |
| Introduction | p. 149 |
| Classical and Alternative Costimulation | p. 149 |
| T Cell Development | p. 151 |
| Antigen-Specific T Cell Responses | p. 155 |
| Memory, Antigenic Rechallenge, and Secondary Responses | p. 160 |
| Summary and Conclusions | p. 163 |
| References | p. 163 |
| CD38: An Ecto-Enzyme at the Crossroads of Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses | |
| Introduction | p. 171 |
| CD38 Regulates Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses | p. 172 |
| CD38 Regulates Neutrophil Migration and Lung Inflammatory Responses | p. 172 |
| CD38 Regulates Dendritic Cell Trafficking in Vitro and in Vivo | p. 173 |
| CD38 Regulates T Cell-Dependent Immune Responses | p. 174 |
| CD38 Modulates Chemokine Receptor Signaling by Producing Calcium Mobilizing Metabolites | p. 176 |
| Conclusions and Future Directions | p. 178 |
| Unresolved Questions | p. 178 |
| Model | p. 179 |
| Acknowledgments | p. 180 |
| References | p. 180 |
| Vascular Leukocytes: A Population with Angiogenic and Immunossuppressive Properties Highly Represented in Ovarian Cancer | |
| Physiological Angiogenesis vs. Pathological Angiogenesis | p. 185 |
| Endothelial Progenitors and Neoangiogenesis | p. 186 |
| Hematopoietic Cells Participate in Neoangiogenesis | p. 186 |
| Antigen-Presenting Cells as Endothelial Cells | p. 186 |
| Tumor Angiogenesis | p. 187 |
| Vascular Leukocytes | p. 187 |
| Vascular Leukocytes and Antitumor Immune Response | p. 190 |
| Final Remarks | p. 191 |
| Acknowledments | p. 191 |
| References | p. 191 |
| CD4+ T Cells Cooperate with Macrophages for Specific Elimination of MHC Class II-Negative Cancer Cells | |
| Introduction | p. 195 |
| CD4+ T Cells Help CD8+ T Cells to Kill Tumor Cells | p. 196 |
| CD4+ T Cells Can Reject Tumors in the Absence of CD8+ T Cells | p. 196 |
| Cancer Immunotherapy by Adoptive Transfer of Tumor-Specific CD4+ T Cells | p. 196 |
| CD4+ T Cells in Cancer Immunosurveillance | p. 197 |
| Injection of Tumor Cells in Matrigel | p. 197 |
| Naive Tumor-Specific CD4+ T Cells Become Activated in Draining Lymph Nodes (LN), Migrate to the Incipient Tumor Site and Secrete Cytokines | p. 199 |
| Massive Recruitment of Host Macrophages toward the Injected Myeloma Cells | p. 200 |
| Tumor-Specific CD4+ T Cells Activate Matrigel-Infiltrating Macrophages | p. 201 |
| IFN[gamma] Is Critical for T Cell-Mediated Macrophage Activation and Tumor Rejection | p. 202 |
| T Cell-Activated Macrophages Suppress Tumor Cell Growth | p. 203 |
| Conclusions | p. 204 |
| Acknowledgments | p. 205 |
| References | p. 205 |
| Receptors and Pathways in Innate Antifungal Immunity: The Implication for Tolerance and Immunity to Fungi | |
| Introduction | p. 209 |
| What and Which Are Opportunistic Fungal Pathogens? | p. 210 |
| The Immune Response to Fungi: From Microbe Sensing to Host Defencing | p. 210 |
| Sensing Fungi | p. 211 |
| Tuning the Adaptive Immune Responses: the Instructive Role of DCs | p. 214 |
| DCs as Tolerance Mediators via Tryptophan Catabolism | p. 215 |
| Dampening Inflammation and Allergy to Fungi through Treg | p. 216 |
| Looking Forward | p. 218 |
| Acknowledgments | p. 219 |
| References | p. 219 |
| Author Index | p. 223 |
| Subject Index | p. 225 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
ISBN: 9780387348131
ISBN-10: 0387348131
Series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
Published: 6th December 2006
Format: Hardcover
Language: English
Number of Pages: 256
Audience: College, Tertiary and University
Publisher: Springer Nature B.V.
Country of Publication: US
Dimensions (cm): 23.39 x 15.6 x 1.6
Weight (kg): 0.49
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