Critical Appraisal of Medical Literature

By: David Marchevsky

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Hardcover | 31 December 2000

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308 Pages

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26 x 19 x 2.5

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Critical Appraisal of Medical Literature provides a step-by-step approach to help the reader reach a good level of proficiency in systematic critical appraisal of medical information. To this end, the book covers all the elements that are necessary to develop these skills and is a comprehensive guide to the subject.
The book is written in three parts. The first part focuses on the logical justification and the validity of medical information. Its chapters present basic working definitions and discussions on relevant basic topics of statistics and epidemiology. The second part focuses on the complementary aspects of critique, common study designs and articles whose main topics are treatment, diagnosis, prognosis, aetiology, reviews, medical guidelines, audit, and qualitative research. The third part presents some statistical techniques that are commonly used in published articles.
Critical Appraisal of Medical Literature is intended for those interested in developing critical appraisal skills such as psychiatric trainees preparing for the Critical Review Paper of the MRCPsych Examination in the UK, other practitioners as part of their preparation for examinations, and medical professionals and students as part of their introduction to aspects of systematic critical appraisal of medical information.

Industry Reviews

'I am certain many would choose it in preference to existing titles.'
International Review of Psychiatry, 14 (2002)

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Paperback

Published: 8th October 2012

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Introduction	p. 1
Critical Appraisal in the United Kingdom	p. 2
How To Improve Critical Appraisal Skills	p. 2
How To Use This Book	p. 3

Basic Concepts	p. 7
Argument	p. 8
Appraising Medical Evidence	p. 9
Probability	p. 11
Set and Subset	p. 11
Random Experiment	p. 12
Sample Space	p. 12
Event and Probability	p. 13
Classical Approach To Probability	p. 16
Frequentist Approaches to Probability	p. 16
Conditional Probability	p. 17
Bayes' Theorem	p. 19
Subjective Approaches To Probability	p. 19
Proportions and Percentages	p. 21
Odds, Odds Ratio and Log Odds	p. 21
Summary	p. 23
Variables and Measurement	p. 25
Variable	p. 25
Measurement	p. 28
Summary	p. 30
Measurement Instruments	p. 31
Case	p. 31
Qualitative Aspects of Measurement	p. 32
Quantitative Aspects of Measurement	p. 34
Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Analysis	p. 40
Summary	p. 41
Sampling and Design	p. 43
Population and Sample	p. 43
Sampling	p. 44
Study Design	p. 50
Observational Studies	p. 51
Experimental Design	p. 52
Summary	p. 54
Bias	p. 57
General Points	p. 57
Bias	p. 58
Confounding	p. 60
Summary	p. 60
Distributions	p. 63
Frequency Distributions	p. 63
Functions	p. 64
Central Tendency	p. 66
Shape	p. 67
Partition	p. 70
Spread, Variability or Variation	p. 71
Sampling Distribution	p. 73
Summary	p. 74
Binomial and Normal Distributions	p. 75
Binomial Distributions	p. 75
Normal Distributions	p. 77
Summary	p. 81
Hypothesis Testing	p. 83
General Principles: Statistical Models	p. 83
Steps in Hypothesis Testing	p. 85
Final Comments	p. 91
Summary	p. 92
Errors and Sample Size	p. 93
Errors	p. 93
Sample Size	p. 101
Summary	p. 103
Estimation	p. 105
General Points	p. 105
Sampling Distribution and Standard Error	p. 106
Estimators	p. 108
Bias	p. 109
Precision	p. 109
Confidence Intervals	p. 110
Summary	p. 112
Epidemiology	p. 115
General Concepts	p. 115
Measures of Disease Frequency	p. 115
Measures of Association	p. 118
Standardisation	p. 120
Epidemiological Studies	p. 124
Summary	p. 128

Introduction to Critical Appraisal of Medical Literature	p. 133
General Points	p. 133
How To Practice Critical Appraisal	p. 135
Specific Points	p. 136
Other Considerations	p. 138
Critical Appraisal of Different Study Designs	p. 139
Descriptive or Observational Studies	p. 139
Experimental Studies	p. 141
Papers on Treatment	p. 143
More Issues on Validity	p. 143
Importance	p. 144
Usefulness	p. 147
Papers on Diagnosis	p. 149
More Issues on Validity	p. 149
Importance	p. 150
Usefulness	p. 153
Papers on Prognosis	p. 155
Preliminary Concepts	p. 155
Description and Analysis	p. 158
More Issues on Validity	p. 159
Importance	p. 160
Usefulness	p. 161
Papers on Aetiology	p. 163
More Issues on Validity	p. 163
Importance	p. 164
Usefulness	p. 166
Review Papers	p. 169
Notes on Reviews	p. 169
Meta-analysis	p. 171
Appraisal	p. 176
Validity	p. 176
Importance	p. 176
Usefulness	p. 177
Papers on Guidelines	p. 179
Notes on Guidance	p. 179
Validity	p. 179
Importance	p. 180
Usefulness	p. 180
Papers on Audit	p. 183
Notes on Audit	p. 183
Validity	p. 184
Importance	p. 185
Usefulness	p. 185
Papers on Qualitative Research	p. 187
Notes on Qualitative Research	p. 187
Appraisal	p. 189
Summary	p. 191
General Points	p. 191
Specific Points	p. 192

The z- Test and the t-Test	p. 199
The z-test	p. 199
The t-test	p. 202
Examples	p. 208
Summary	p. 210
Analysis of Variance	p. 211
General Points	p. 211
One-way Anova	p. 211
Two-way Anova	p. 216
Three-way Anova	p. 220
Multivariable Analysis of Variance	p. 220
Related Measures Anova and Manova	p. 220
Example	p. 221
Summary	p. 222
Non-Parametric Tests	p. 223
The Chi-square Test	p. 223
Fisher's Exact Probability Test	p. 227
The Mann-Whitney Test For Two Independent Samples	p. 228
The Wilcoxon Test	p. 230
Kruskal-Wallis H-test For More Than Two Samples	p. 231
Examples	p. 232
Summary	p. 233
Correlation, Regression and Prediction	p. 235
Correlation	p. 235
Regression and Prediction	p. 240
Multiple Prediction	p. 243
Example	p. 247
Summary	p. 248
Multivariable Analysis	p. 249
Principal Component Analysis and Factor Analysis	p. 249
Discriminant Analysis	p. 256
Examples	p. 261
Summary	p. 262
Other Statistical Techniques	p. 265
Analysis of Covariance (Ancova)	p. 265
Logistic Regression Analysis	p. 271
Examples	p. 276
Summary	p. 278
References	p. 281
Index	p. 285
Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved.

Critical Appraisal of Medical Literature

At a Glance

EOFY Sale

Up to 75% off* RRP across a great range of titles

Hardcover

Industry Reviews

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