


Paperback
Published: 22nd December 2005
ISBN: 9780415286237
Number Of Pages: 386
"Routledge Applied Linguistics" is a series of comprehensive resource books, providing students and researchers with the support they need for advanced study in the core areas of English language and Applied Linguistics.
Each book in the series guides readers through three main sections, enabling them to explore and develop major themes within the discipline. Section A, Introduction, establishes the key terms and concepts and extends readers' techniques of analysis through practical application. Section B, Extension, brings together influential articles, sets them in context, and discusses their contribution to the field. Section C, Exploration, builds on knowledge gained in the first two sections, setting thoughtful tasks around further illustrative material. This enables readers to engage more actively with the subject matter and encourages them to develop their own research responses. Throughout the book, topics are revisited, extended, interwoven and deconstructed, with the reader's understanding strengthened by tasks and follow-up questions.
"Corpus Based Language Studies":
Presents corpus based investigations in specific areas of linguistics in-depth, including "how to" and "why."
Covers the major approaches to the use of corpus data
gathers together influential readings from key names in the discipline, including: Biber, Widdowson, Sinclair, Carter and McCarthy
Written by experienced teachers and researchers in the field, Corpus Based language Studies is an essential resource for students and researchers of Applied Linguistics.
"This book is by far the most comprehensive introduction to corpus linguistics published to date. It is essentially three books in one: 1) a conceptual overview of analytical issues, techniques, and findings; 2) a collection of key articles published to date 3) and a set of case studies that fully illustrate the most important analytical and design issues. I will certainly be using the book as a required text in my own courses." Douglas Biber, Northern Arizona University
Series editors' preface | p. xv |
Preface | p. xvii |
Acknowledgements | p. xix |
Introduction | p. 1 |
Corpus linguistics: the basics | p. 3 |
Introduction | p. 3 |
Corpus linguistics: past and present | p. 3 |
What is a corpus? | p. 4 |
Why use computers to study language? | p. 5 |
The corpus-based approach vs. the intuition-based approach | p. 6 |
Corpus linguistics: a methodology or a theory? | p. 7 |
Corpus-based vs. corpus-driven approaches | p. 8 |
Summary | p. 11 |
Looking ahead | p. 12 |
Representativeness, balance and sampling | p. 13 |
Introduction | p. 13 |
What does representativeness mean in corpus linguistics? | p. 13 |
The representativeness of general and specialized corpora | p. 15 |
Balance | p. 16 |
Sampling | p. 19 |
Summary | p. 21 |
Looking ahead | p. 21 |
Corpus mark-up | p. 22 |
Introduction | p. 22 |
The rationale for corpus mark-up | p. 22 |
Corpus mark-up schemes | p. 23 |
Character encoding | p. 27 |
Summary | p. 28 |
Looking ahead | p. 28 |
Corpus annotation | p. 29 |
Introduction | p. 29 |
Corpus annotation = added value | p. 30 |
How is corpus annotation achieved? | p. 33 |
Types of corpus annotation | p. 33 |
Embedded vs. standalone annotation | p. 44 |
Summary | p. 44 |
Looking ahead | p. 45 |
Multilingual corpora | p. 46 |
Introduction | p. 46 |
Multilingual corpora: terminological issues | p. 47 |
Corpus alignment | p. 50 |
Summary | p. 51 |
Looking ahead | p. 51 |
Making statistical claims | p. 52 |
Introduction | p. 52 |
Raw frequency and normalized frequency | p. 52 |
Descriptive and inferential statistics | p. 53 |
Tests of statistical significance | p. 53 |
Tests for significant collocations | p. 56 |
Summary | p. 57 |
Looking ahead | p. 57 |
Using available corpora | p. 59 |
Introduction | p. 59 |
General corpora | p. 59 |
Specialized corpora | p. 60 |
Written corpora | p. 61 |
Spoken corpora | p. 62 |
Synchronic corpora | p. 64 |
Diachronic corpora | p. 65 |
Learner corpora | p. 65 |
Monitor corpora | p. 67 |
Summary | p. 69 |
Looking ahead | p. 70 |
Going solo: DIY corpora | p. 71 |
Introduction | p. 71 |
Corpus size | p. 71 |
Balance and representativeness | p. 73 |
Data capture | p. 73 |
Corpus mark-up | p. 74 |
Corpus annotation | p. 75 |
Character encoding | p. 76 |
Summary | p. 76 |
Looking ahead | p. 76 |
Copyright | p. 77 |
Introduction | p. 77 |
Coping with copyright: warning and advice | p. 77 |
Summary | p. 78 |
Looking ahead | p. 79 |
Corpora and applied linguistics | p. 80 |
Introduction | p. 80 |
Lexicographic and lexical studies | p. 80 |
Grammatical studies | p. 85 |
Register variation and genre analysis | p. 87 |
Dialect distinction and language variety | p. 90 |
Contrastive and translation studies | p. 91 |
Diachronic study and language change | p. 96 |
Language learning and teaching | p. 97 |
Semantics | p. 103 |
Pragmatics | p. 104 |
Sociolinguistis | p. 108 |
Discourse analysis | p. 111 |
Stylistics and literary studies | p. 113 |
Forensic linguistics | p. 116 |
What corpora cannot tell us | p. 120 |
Summary | p. 121 |
Looking ahead | p. 122 |
Extension | p. 123 |
Corpus representativeness and balance | p. 125 |
Introduction | p. 125 |
Biber (1993) | p. 125 |
Atkins, Clear and Ostler (1992) | p. 128 |
Summary | p. 130 |
Looking ahead | p. 130 |
Objections to corpora: an ongoing debate | p. 131 |
Introduction | p. 131 |
Widdowson (2000) | p. 131 |
Stubbs (2001b) | p. 135 |
Widdowson (1991) vs. Sinclair (1991b): a summary | p. 140 |
Summary | p. 144 |
Lexical and grammatical studies | p. 145 |
Introduction | p. 145 |
Krishnamurthy (2000) | p. 145 |
Partington (2004) | p. 148 |
Carter and McCarthy (1999) | p. 152 |
Kreyer (2003) | p. 155 |
Summary | p. 159 |
Looking ahead | p. 159 |
Language variation studies | p. 160 |
Introduction | p. 160 |
Biber (1995a) | p. 160 |
Hyland (1999) | p. 165 |
Lehmann (2002) | p. 169 |
Kachru (2003) | p. 174 |
Summary | p. 177 |
Looking ahead | p. 177 |
Contrastive and diachronic studies | p. 178 |
Introduction | p. 178 |
Altenberg and Granger (2002) | p. 178 |
McEnery, Xiao and Mo (2003) | p. 181 |
Kilpio (1997) | p. 185 |
Mair, Hundt, Leech and Smith (2002) | p. 190 |
Summary | p. 194 |
Looking ahead | p. 194 |
Language teaching and learning | p. 195 |
Introduction | p. 195 |
Gavioli and Aston (2001) | p. 195 |
Thurston and Candlin (1998) | p. 198 |
Conrad (1999) | p. 201 |
Summary | p. 202 |
Looking ahead | p. 203 |
Exploration | p. 205 |
Collocation and pedagogical lexicography Case study 1 | p. 208 |
Introduction | p. 208 |
Collocation information | p. 210 |
Using corpus data for improving a dictionary entry | p. 220 |
Summary | p. 225 |
Further study | p. 225 |
Help or Help to: what do corpora have to say? Case study 2 | p. 227 |
Introduction | p. 227 |
Concordancing | p. 228 |
Language variety | p. 235 |
Language change | p. 239 |
An intervening NP | p. 240 |
The infinite marker preceding Help | p. 241 |
The passive construction | p. 245 |
Summary | p. 246 |
Further study | p. 246 |
L2 acquisition of grammatical morphemes Case study 3 | p. 247 |
Introduction | p. 247 |
Morpheme studies: a short review | p. 249 |
The Longman Learners' Corpus | p. 250 |
Problem-oriented corpus annotation | p. 251 |
Discussion | p. 260 |
Summary | p. 263 |
Further study | p. 263 |
Swearing in modern British English Case study 4 | p. 264 |
Introduction | p. 264 |
Spoken vs. written register | p. 265 |
Variations within spoken English | p. 269 |
Variations within written English | p. 279 |
Summary | p. 285 |
Further study | p. 286 |
Conversation and speech in American English Case study 5 | p. 287 |
Introduction | p. 287 |
Salient linguistic features | p. 288 |
Basic statistical data from the corpus | p. 293 |
The dimension scores of three genres | p. 303 |
The keyword approach to genre analysis | p. 308 |
Summary | p. 319 |
Further study | p. 320 |
Domains, text types, aspect marking and English-Chinese translation Case study 6 | p. 321 |
Introduction | p. 321 |
The corpus data | p. 323 |
Translation of aspect marking | p. 324 |
Translation and aspect marking | p. 336 |
Domain and aspect marking | p. 338 |
Text type and aspect marking | p. 340 |
Summary | p. 341 |
Further study | p. 343 |
Glossary | p. 344 |
Bibliography | p. 352 |
Appendix of useful Internet links | p. 379 |
Index | p. 381 |
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
ISBN: 9780415286237
ISBN-10: 0415286239
Series: Routledge Applied Linguistics
Audience:
Professional
Format:
Paperback
Language:
English
Number Of Pages: 386
Published: 22nd December 2005
Country of Publication: GB
Dimensions (cm): 24.38 x 17.42
x 2.24
Weight (kg): 0.71
Edition Number: 1