Corpus-Based Language Studies

Name: Corpus-Based Language Studies
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ISBN: 9780415286237

An Advanced Resource Book

By: Anthony McEnery, Richard Xiao, Yukio Tono

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Paperback Published: 22nd December 2005
ISBN: 9780415286237
Number Of Pages: 386

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"Routledge Applied Linguistics" is a series of comprehensive resource books, providing students and researchers with the support they need for advanced study in the core areas of English language and Applied Linguistics.
Each book in the series guides readers through three main sections, enabling them to explore and develop major themes within the discipline. Section A, Introduction, establishes the key terms and concepts and extends readers' techniques of analysis through practical application. Section B, Extension, brings together influential articles, sets them in context, and discusses their contribution to the field. Section C, Exploration, builds on knowledge gained in the first two sections, setting thoughtful tasks around further illustrative material. This enables readers to engage more actively with the subject matter and encourages them to develop their own research responses. Throughout the book, topics are revisited, extended, interwoven and deconstructed, with the reader's understanding strengthened by tasks and follow-up questions.
"Corpus Based Language Studies":
Presents corpus based investigations in specific areas of linguistics in-depth, including "how to" and "why."
Covers the major approaches to the use of corpus data
gathers together influential readings from key names in the discipline, including: Biber, Widdowson, Sinclair, Carter and McCarthy
Written by experienced teachers and researchers in the field, Corpus Based language Studies is an essential resource for students and researchers of Applied Linguistics.

"This book is by far the most comprehensive introduction to corpus linguistics published to date. It is essentially three books in one: 1) a conceptual overview of analytical issues, techniques, and findings; 2) a collection of key articles published to date 3) and a set of case studies that fully illustrate the most important analytical and design issues. I will certainly be using the book as a required text in my own courses." Douglas Biber, Northern Arizona University

Series editors' preface	p. xv
Preface	p. xvii
Acknowledgements	p. xix
Introduction	p. 1
Corpus linguistics: the basics	p. 3
Introduction	p. 3
Corpus linguistics: past and present	p. 3
What is a corpus?	p. 4
Why use computers to study language?	p. 5
The corpus-based approach vs. the intuition-based approach	p. 6
Corpus linguistics: a methodology or a theory?	p. 7
Corpus-based vs. corpus-driven approaches	p. 8
Summary	p. 11
Looking ahead	p. 12
Representativeness, balance and sampling	p. 13
Introduction	p. 13
What does representativeness mean in corpus linguistics?	p. 13
The representativeness of general and specialized corpora	p. 15
Balance	p. 16
Sampling	p. 19
Summary	p. 21
Looking ahead	p. 21
Corpus mark-up	p. 22
Introduction	p. 22
The rationale for corpus mark-up	p. 22
Corpus mark-up schemes	p. 23
Character encoding	p. 27
Summary	p. 28
Looking ahead	p. 28
Corpus annotation	p. 29
Introduction	p. 29
Corpus annotation = added value	p. 30
How is corpus annotation achieved?	p. 33
Types of corpus annotation	p. 33
Embedded vs. standalone annotation	p. 44
Summary	p. 44
Looking ahead	p. 45
Multilingual corpora	p. 46
Introduction	p. 46
Multilingual corpora: terminological issues	p. 47
Corpus alignment	p. 50
Summary	p. 51
Looking ahead	p. 51
Making statistical claims	p. 52
Introduction	p. 52
Raw frequency and normalized frequency	p. 52
Descriptive and inferential statistics	p. 53
Tests of statistical significance	p. 53
Tests for significant collocations	p. 56
Summary	p. 57
Looking ahead	p. 57
Using available corpora	p. 59
Introduction	p. 59
General corpora	p. 59
Specialized corpora	p. 60
Written corpora	p. 61
Spoken corpora	p. 62
Synchronic corpora	p. 64
Diachronic corpora	p. 65
Learner corpora	p. 65
Monitor corpora	p. 67
Summary	p. 69
Looking ahead	p. 70
Going solo: DIY corpora	p. 71
Introduction	p. 71
Corpus size	p. 71
Balance and representativeness	p. 73
Data capture	p. 73
Corpus mark-up	p. 74
Corpus annotation	p. 75
Character encoding	p. 76
Summary	p. 76
Looking ahead	p. 76
Copyright	p. 77
Introduction	p. 77
Coping with copyright: warning and advice	p. 77
Summary	p. 78
Looking ahead	p. 79
Corpora and applied linguistics	p. 80
Introduction	p. 80
Lexicographic and lexical studies	p. 80
Grammatical studies	p. 85
Register variation and genre analysis	p. 87
Dialect distinction and language variety	p. 90
Contrastive and translation studies	p. 91
Diachronic study and language change	p. 96
Language learning and teaching	p. 97
Semantics	p. 103
Pragmatics	p. 104
Sociolinguistis	p. 108
Discourse analysis	p. 111
Stylistics and literary studies	p. 113
Forensic linguistics	p. 116
What corpora cannot tell us	p. 120
Summary	p. 121
Looking ahead	p. 122
Extension	p. 123
Corpus representativeness and balance	p. 125
Introduction	p. 125
Biber (1993)	p. 125
Atkins, Clear and Ostler (1992)	p. 128
Summary	p. 130
Looking ahead	p. 130
Objections to corpora: an ongoing debate	p. 131
Introduction	p. 131
Widdowson (2000)	p. 131
Stubbs (2001b)	p. 135
Widdowson (1991) vs. Sinclair (1991b): a summary	p. 140
Summary	p. 144
Lexical and grammatical studies	p. 145
Introduction	p. 145
Krishnamurthy (2000)	p. 145
Partington (2004)	p. 148
Carter and McCarthy (1999)	p. 152
Kreyer (2003)	p. 155
Summary	p. 159
Looking ahead	p. 159
Language variation studies	p. 160
Introduction	p. 160
Biber (1995a)	p. 160
Hyland (1999)	p. 165
Lehmann (2002)	p. 169
Kachru (2003)	p. 174
Summary	p. 177
Looking ahead	p. 177
Contrastive and diachronic studies	p. 178
Introduction	p. 178
Altenberg and Granger (2002)	p. 178
McEnery, Xiao and Mo (2003)	p. 181
Kilpio (1997)	p. 185
Mair, Hundt, Leech and Smith (2002)	p. 190
Summary	p. 194
Looking ahead	p. 194
Language teaching and learning	p. 195
Introduction	p. 195
Gavioli and Aston (2001)	p. 195
Thurston and Candlin (1998)	p. 198
Conrad (1999)	p. 201
Summary	p. 202
Looking ahead	p. 203
Exploration	p. 205
Collocation and pedagogical lexicography Case study 1	p. 208
Introduction	p. 208
Collocation information	p. 210
Using corpus data for improving a dictionary entry	p. 220
Summary	p. 225
Further study	p. 225
Help or Help to: what do corpora have to say? Case study 2	p. 227
Introduction	p. 227
Concordancing	p. 228
Language variety	p. 235
Language change	p. 239
An intervening NP	p. 240
The infinite marker preceding Help	p. 241
The passive construction	p. 245
Summary	p. 246
Further study	p. 246
L2 acquisition of grammatical morphemes Case study 3	p. 247
Introduction	p. 247
Morpheme studies: a short review	p. 249
The Longman Learners' Corpus	p. 250
Problem-oriented corpus annotation	p. 251
Discussion	p. 260
Summary	p. 263
Further study	p. 263
Swearing in modern British English Case study 4	p. 264
Introduction	p. 264
Spoken vs. written register	p. 265
Variations within spoken English	p. 269
Variations within written English	p. 279
Summary	p. 285
Further study	p. 286
Conversation and speech in American English Case study 5	p. 287
Introduction	p. 287
Salient linguistic features	p. 288
Basic statistical data from the corpus	p. 293
The dimension scores of three genres	p. 303
The keyword approach to genre analysis	p. 308
Summary	p. 319
Further study	p. 320
Domains, text types, aspect marking and English-Chinese translation Case study 6	p. 321
Introduction	p. 321
The corpus data	p. 323
Translation of aspect marking	p. 324
Translation and aspect marking	p. 336
Domain and aspect marking	p. 338
Text type and aspect marking	p. 340
Summary	p. 341
Further study	p. 343
Glossary	p. 344
Bibliography	p. 352
Appendix of useful Internet links	p. 379
Index	p. 381
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

ISBN: 9780415286237
ISBN-10: 0415286239
Series: Routledge Applied Linguistics
Audience: Professional
Format: Paperback
Language: English
Number Of Pages: 386
Published: 22nd December 2005
Country of Publication: GB
Dimensions (cm): 24.38 x 17.42 x 2.24
Weight (kg): 0.71
Edition Number: 1