| General Introduction | p. 1 |
| Vascular Anatomy and Biological Processes | p. 1 |
| Vasculogenesis | p. 2 |
| Metameric Origin of Cranial Endothelial Cells | p. 4 |
| Fusion and Dysangiogenesis | p. 5 |
| Angiogenesis | p. 6 |
| Vascular Remodeling | p. 7 |
| Triggers (Causative and Revealing) | p. 8 |
| Segmental Vulnerability in Cerebral Arteries | p. 10 |
| Arteries and Veins | p. 25 |
| Variations and Variability of Cerebrofacial Arteries | p. 25 |
| Collateral Circulation | p. 27 |
| Normally Enlarged and Hypertrophied Vessels | p. 27 |
| Collateral Circulation and Skeletal Changes | p. 30 |
| Collateral Circulation and Muscular Arteries | p. 32 |
| Congenital or Acquired Variation? Normal or Pathological Variation? | p. 32 |
| Congenital Hypoplasia and Acquired Hypotrophy | p. 37 |
| Hemodynamic Equilibrium | p. 43 |
| Effects of High Flow on a Preexisting Arterial Arrangement | p. 44 |
| Collateral Circulation and Angiogenesis | p. 54 |
| Multiple Constraints and Chronology of the Collateral Response | p. 61 |
| Principles | p. 69 |
| Spinal and Spinal Cord Arteries and Veins | p. 73 |
| Introduction | p. 73 |
| Embryology | p. 74 |
| Metameric Supply and Axial Organization | p. 74 |
| Fusion, Desegmentation, and Failed Fusion | p. 77 |
| Spinal Arteries | p. 81 |
| General Aspects | p. 81 |
| Vertebral Supply | p. 85 |
| Anastomoses | p. 89 |
| The Cervical and Vertebral Arteries | p. 93 |
| The Thoracic Arteries | p. 104 |
| The Lumbar and Sacral Arteries | p. 109 |
| Dural Arteries | p. 110 |
| Spinal Cord Arteries | p. 116 |
| Spinal Radicular Arteries | p. 116 |
| Radicular Arteries | p. 116 |
| The Radiculopial Arteries | p. 119 |
| The Radiculomedullary Arteries | p. 123 |
| Extrinsic Arterial Supply to the Spinal Cord | p. 130 |
| General Aspects | p. 130 |
| The Ventral (Anterior) Spinal Artery | p. 130 |
| Pial Network, Axial Arteries,Vasa Corona, Centripetal System | p. 135 |
| Intrinsic Blood Supply to the Spinal Cord | p. 139 |
| Sulcal Arteries | p. 139 |
| The Radial Perforating Arteries | p. 141 |
| Intrinsic Anastomoses | p. 144 |
| Spinal Cord Veins | p. 146 |
| General Aspects | p. 146 |
| The Intrinsic Venous System | p. 146 |
| The Extrinsic Venous System | p. 148 |
| Radicular Veins | p. 154 |
| Spinal and Extraspinal Venous System | p. 159 |
| General Aspects | p. 159 |
| Extradural Venous Spaces | p. 160 |
| Craniocervical Junction | p. 165 |
| The Pharyngo-occipital System | p. 165 |
| Phylogenesis | p. 167 |
| Embryology | p. 168 |
| The Caroticovertebral Anastomoses | p. 168 |
| The Type II Proatlantal Artery | p. 169 |
| The Type I Proatlantal or Atlantal Artery | p. 171 |
| The Hypoglossal Artery | p. 175 |
| The Otic Artery | p. 179 |
| The Occipital Artery | p. 180 |
| Origins of the Occipital Artery | p. 180 |
| The Branches of the Occipital System | p. 187 |
| The Ascending Pharyngeal Artery | p. 200 |
| Origin of the Ascending Pharyngeal Artery | p. 201 |
| The Branches of the Ascending Pharyngeal System | p. 203 |
| The Pharyngo-occipital Collateral Network | p. 211 |
| Arterial Supply to the Posterior Fossa Central Nervous System | p. 224 |
| Principles and Comparative Anatomy | p. 224 |
| The Vertebrobasilar System | p. 228 |
| Fenestration and Duplications | p. 229 |
| Supply to the Upper Cervical Cord | p. 238 |
| The Ventral (Anterior) Spinal Artery | p. 238 |
| The Lateral Spinal Artery | p. 240 |
| The Basilar Artery | p. 243 |
| Cerebellar Arteries | p. 246 |
| The Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery | p. 246 |
| The Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery | p. 253 |
| Brain Stem Arteries | p. 259 |
| Skull Base and Maxillofacial Region | p. 261 |
| Embryology of the Carotid System | p. 262 |
| The Internal Carotid Arterial Trunk | p. 262 |
| The Carotid Branches to the Face | p. 268 |
| The Arteries of the Middle Ear and Branches of the Petrous Internal Carotid Artery | p. 271 |
| The Arteries of the Middle Ear | p. 271 |
| Arterial Variants in the Middle Ear | p. 281 |
| Hyostapedial Artery Variants | p. 283 |
| Aberrant Flow of the Internal Carotid Artery in the Tympanic Cavity | p. 285 |
| The Pharyngotympanostapedial Artery | p. 290 |
| Anatomy and Variations of the Extracranial Carotid Artery Branches | p. 292 |
| The Maxillary Artery Branches Outside the Cranial Cavity | p. 292 |
| Hemodynamic Balances | p. 292 |
| The Extracranial Base of the Skull and the Nasal Cavity | p. 295 |
| The Maxillomandibular Region | p. 304 |
| The Maxillary Collateral Pattern | p. 315 |
| The Musculocutaneous Arteries of the Head and Mouth | p. 325 |
| The Arteries of the Scalp | p. 325 |
| Arteries to the Face | p. 342 |
| The Arteries of the Floor of the Mouth | p. 356 |
| The Linguofacial Collateral Pattern | p. 362 |
| Thyrolaryngeal Arteries | p. 370 |
| The Laryngeal System and Its Branches | p. 371 |
| p. 376 |
| p. 377 |
| p. 379 |
| Common Carotid Bifurcation | p. 384 |
| The Skull Base and Extradural Arteries | p. 387 |
| The Cavernous Sinus Region | p. 389 |
| Phylogenesis of the Cavernous Branches of the Internal Carotid Artery Siphon | p. 391 |
| The Rete Mirabile | p. 393 |
| Balanced Supply | p. 395 |
| Dominant Internal Carotid Artery Supply | p. 395 |
| The Internal Carotid Artery Siphon and Its Branches | p. 395 |
| The Trigeminal Artery | p. 396 |
| The Lateral Artery of the Clivus | p. 398 |
| The Lateral Artery of the Trigeminal Ganglion | p. 401 |
| The Recurrent Artery of the Foramen Lacerum | p. 401 |
| The Primitive Maxillary Artery | p. 411 |
| The Posteroinferior Hypophyseal Artery | p. 412 |
| The Embryonic Ophthalmic Arteries and the Inferolateral Trunk | p. 414 |
| The Capsular Arteries | p. 425 |
| Embryology and Anatomy of the Branches Supplying the Orbit | p. 426 |
| The Orbital Artery of the Stapedial System | p. 426 |
| The Origins of the Middle Meningeal Artery | p. 427 |
| The Ophthalmic Artery and Its Branches | p. 435 |
| The Central Retinal Artery | p. 440 |
| The Posterior Ciliary Arteries | p. 443 |
| The Lacrimal Artery | p. 445 |
| The Muscular Branches | p. 447 |
| The Anterior and Posterior Ethmoidal Arteries | p. 447 |
| The Supraorbital Artery | p. 449 |
| The Palpebral Arteries | p. 449 |
| The Supratrochlear or Frontal Artery | p. 450 |
| The Dorsal Nasal Artery | p. 450 |
| Variants of the Orbital Supply | p. 450 |
| The Extracranial Maxillary Artery Branches to the Orbit | p. 453 |
| The Anterior Deep Temporal Artery | p. 453 |
| The Infraorbital Artery | p. 453 |
| The Orbital Branches of the Sphenopalatine Artery | p. 454 |
| Other Branches | p. 455 |
| Supply of the Adjacent Meninges | p. 455 |
| The Artery of the Free Margin of the Tentorium Cerebelli | p. 455 |
| The Basal Tentorium Arterial Arcade | p. 458 |
| Meningeal Branches of the Ethmoidal Arteries | p. 461 |
| The Supply to the Convexity | p. 461 |
| The Middle Cranial Fossa | p. 467 |
| The Transosseous Peripheral Nervous System Arterial Supply | p. 467 |
| Phylogeny | p. 468 |
| Supply of the Extraocular Nerves and the Ophthalmic Root | |
| p. 469 |
| Supply of the Trigeminal Nerve and Trigeminal Ganglion | p. 471 |
| Supply of the Facial Nerve | p. 473 |
| Supply of the Ninth and Tenth Cranial Nerves | p. 475 |
| Supply of the 11th Cranial Nerve | p. 475 |
| Supply of the 12th Cranial Nerve | p. 475 |
| Supply of the First and Second Cervical Roots | p. 475 |
| Supply of the Third and Fourth Cervical Roots | p. 475 |
| Intradural Arteries | p. 479 |
| General Aspects | p. 480 |
| Neural Tube Vascular Homogeneity and Arterial Homologies | p. 480 |
| The Distributing System | p. 480 |
| The Sources of Supply | p. 481 |
| Development of the Arterial Supply to the Brain Tissue (In Collaboration with C. Raybaud | p. 481 |
| Introduction | p. 481 |
| The Embryonic Period | p. 484 |
| The Fetal Period | p. 489 |
| Functional Organization and Development of the Pial Network | p. 495 |
| Arterial and Venous Capillaries | p. 496 |
| Capillary-Neural-Meningeal Relationships | p. 497 |
| The Internal Carotid Artery Divisions | p. 501 |
| Phylogenetic Aspects | p. 501 |
| Introduction | p. 501 |
| Phylogenetic Steps | p. 502 |
| Conclusions | p. 509 |
| Embryological Aspects | p. 510 |
| The Internal Carotid Artery Termination | p. 510 |
| The Limbic Arterial Arch | p. 519 |
| The Caudal Internal Carotid Artery Division | p. 521 |
| The PCoA-P1-Distal BA System | p. 523 |
| Distal Basilar Artery Fusion | p. 526 |
| The Anterosuperior Cerebellar Artery | p. 538 |
| The PCoA-P1-BA Perforators | p. 540 |
| The Posterior Cerebral Artery | p. 548 |
| Choroid Plexus Territory | p. 549 |
| Cortical Territories | p. 557 |
| Dural Branches | p. 562 |
| The Anterior Choroidal Artery | p. 563 |
| The Cranial Internal Carotid Artery Division | p. 575 |
| The Anterior Cerebral Artery | p. 578 |
| Perforators and Central Arteries | p. 580 |
| Truncal Variations (Proximal) | p. 584 |
| The Recurrent Artery of Heubner | p. 590 |
| Cortical Branches | p. 596 |
| Branches to the Corpus Callosum | p. 611 |
| Choroidal Branches | p. 611 |
| Dural Branches | p. 611 |
| The Middle Cerebral Artery | p. 613 |
| Central Arteries | p. 614 |
| Proximal Branches | p. 617 |
| Duplication and Fenestration | p. 618 |
| Cortical Branches | p. 619 |
| Hemispheric Arterial Balances | p. 623 |
| Intracranial Venous System (In Collaboration with C. Raybaud) | p. 631 |
| Introduction | p. 631 |
| Deep Venous System | p. 632 |
| General Aspects | p. 632 |
| Ventricular Veins and Deep Cisternal Collectors | p. 638 |
| The System of the Basal Vein of Rosenthal | p. 643 |
| The Tentorial Sinus | p. 647 |
| The Transcerebral Veins | p. 650 |
| The Developmental Venous Anomalies | p. 656 |
| General Aspects | p. 656 |
| Imaging Features | p. 656 |
| Associated Conditions | p. 658 |
| Clinical Significance | p. 660 |
| Superficial Veins and Sinuses | p. 661 |
| General Aspects | p. 661 |
| Nomenclature of Cortical Veins | p. 665 |
| Venodural Relationships | p. 669 |
| Dural Sinuses | p. 669 |
| Emissary Veins and Transcranial Drainage | p. 675 |
| Infratentorial Veins | p. 678 |
| General Aspects | p. 678 |
| Veins of the Brain Stem | p. 680 |
| The Cerebellar Veins | p. 682 |
| Complex Cerebrofacial Venous Drainage: From Anomaly to Abnormality | p. 695 |
| Sinus pericranii | p. 702 |
| CSF Circulation | p. 710 |
| References | p. 715 |
| Subject Index | p. 753 |
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