Climate under Cover : Digital Dynamic Simulation in Plant Bio-Engineering

By: Tadashi Takakura

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172 Pages

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23.39 x 15.6 x 0.94

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From mulching to greenhouses, the air space between the cover and the soil surface is the key to the classification of climates under cover. The same mechanism governs environments produced by the various covers.
This book describes and analyses all the different environments from mulching to greenhouses. The relationship between plants and environment is another important topic in the book.
Stress is placed on the link between quantitative phenomena and qualitative analyses. Most phenomena involved are nonlinear and non-steady-state. An approach called System Dynamics is used, and simulation models developed in the simulation language CSMP are fully used.
The subjects covered are of relevance to graduate students, to scientists and researchers in agriculture and biological sciences and, of course, to agricultural organizations in both the developing and developed countries.

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Preface
Introduction
Europe and North America	p. 2
Asia	p. 3
Japan	p. 3
Covering materials: PE or PVC?	p. 4
Greenhouse production in Japan	p. 6
Floating mulch in Japan	p. 7
Plastic Wastes	p. 7
Definition of Covering and Properties of Covering Materials
Mulching	p. 9
Row covers (Tunnels)	p. 11
Floating mulches (Floating row cover)	p. 11
Rain shelters	p. 11
Unheated greenhouses	p. 12
Covering materials	p. 12
Digital Simulation
System dynamics	p. 15
Simulation languages	p. 15
Digital simulation by CSMP	p. 16
Concept of the analog computer	p. 16
Comparison of CSMP program with mathematical equations	p. 17
Model structure and representation	p. 20
Differential equation	p. 20
Description of systems	p. 21
Heat flow and temperature regime in the soil	p. 22
A model for temperature regimes in the soil (CUC-01)	p. 25
Model description	p. 25
Time constant and integration	p. 28
Application to steady-state models	p. 28
Heat Balance of Bare Ground
Convective heat transfer	p. 34
A model with solar radiation and air temperature boundary condition (CUC-02)	p. 36
Mass transfer	p. 40
A model with latent heat transfer (CUC-03)	p. 41
Radiation balance	p. 45
Long-wave radiation	p. 47
Solar Radiation Environment
Units of radiation and light	p. 50
Solar radiation properties of covering materials	p. 51
Calculation of transmissivity (CUC-04)	p. 52
Solar radiation	p. 56
The sun's altitude and azimuth	p. 57
On a horizontal surface	p. 57
On a tilted surface	p. 59
Transmitted solar radiation (CUC-05)	p. 60
Temperature Environment Under Cover
Effect of mulching	p. 64
Experimental measurements	p. 64
A model to simulate temperature regime under clear mulching (CUC-20)	p. 65
Modification of the model for black and white mulching (CUC-21 and CUC-22)	p. 71
Temperature environment under row covers (CUC-30)	p. 73
Double layer greenhouse model (CUC-50)	p. 81
A pad and fan greenhouse model (CUC-35)	p. 87
CO[subscript 2] Environment
CO[subscript 2] concentration in soil layer (CUC-70)	p. 100
CO[subscript 2] concentration in a plastic house and ventilation	p. 104
Water and Water Vapor Environment
Water and water vapor movement in soil	p. 105
Application to water and heat balance in soil layer (CUC-90)	p. 108
Interaction between water movement and heat flow	p. 114
Control Function
System response	p. 116
PID control	p. 117
Temperature control logic (CUC-120)	p. 118
Feedback vs. feedforward control	p. 119
Feedback and feedforward	p. 119
System response and its application to feedforward control	p. 120
A floor-heating greenhouse with ideal conditions (CUC-122)	p. 121
Plant Response to the Environment
Plant photosynthesis and respiration	p. 124
Energy balance of a plant leaf	p. 126
Stomata resistance of plant (CUC-151)	p. 127
Plant growth model	p. 132
General concept of plant growth and yield models	p. 132
Dry matter production model (CUC-160)	p. 133
References	p. 140
Appendix	p. 144
Index	p. 150
Table of Contents provided by Blackwell. All Rights Reserved.

Climate under Cover : Digital Dynamic Simulation in Plant Bio-Engineering

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