| Preface | p. ix |
| Psychological perspectives in chronic childhood disease | p. 1 |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| Integration with developmental psychology | p. 3 |
| Integration of research and clinical practice | p. 6 |
| Overview | p. 8 |
| Admission to hospital | p. 11 |
| Introduction | p. 11 |
| Psychological impact of admission | p. 14 |
| Preparation for hospital | p. 17 |
| Preparation of well children | p. 18 |
| Evaluations of well child programmes | p. 20 |
| Preparation of acutely sick children | p. 21 |
| The role of parents | p. 25 |
| Conclusions | p. 26 |
| The nature of pain | p. 28 |
| Introduction | p. 28 |
| The measurement and assessment of pain | p. 29 |
| Distinctions between measurement and assessment | p. 30 |
| Measurement of pain | p. 30 |
| Cognitive or self-report methods | p. 30 |
| Behavioural methods | p. 31 |
| Physiological methods | p. 33 |
| Assessment of pain | p. 33 |
| Developmental changes in understanding and experience of pain | p. 34 |
| Definitions and understanding of pain | p. 34 |
| Symptom-reporting | p. 36 |
| Coping strategies | p. 36 |
| Intervention strategies | p. 38 |
| Relaxation | p. 38 |
| Puppet therapy | p. 38 |
| Hypnosis | p. 39 |
| Coping with stress-inoculation | p. 40 |
| Conclusions | p. 41 |
| Adjustment in the child with chronic disease | p. 42 |
| Introduction | p. 42 |
| The incidence of 'maladjustment' in chronically sick children | p. 44 |
| Problems of definition | p. 44 |
| Methodological issues | p. 45 |
| Theoretical approaches | p. 46 |
| Population-based research | p. 48 |
| Asthma | p. 49 |
| Birth defects | p. 51 |
| Cancer | p. 51 |
| Diabetes | p. 53 |
| Haemophilia | p. 53 |
| Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis | p. 54 |
| Renal disease | p. 56 |
| Sickle-cell anaemia | p. 56 |
| Spina bifida | p. 57 |
| Studies involving more than one disease group | p. 57 |
| Conclusions | p. 58 |
| Adjustment in the family | p. 61 |
| Introduction | p. 61 |
| Knowledge | p. 62 |
| Variables which determine maternal adjustment | p. 63 |
| Risk factors | p. 64 |
| Disease and disability parameters | p. 64 |
| Resistance factors | p. 67 |
| Family environment | p. 67 |
| Social support | p. 68 |
| Marital adjustment | p. 69 |
| General correlates of coping in families | p. 70 |
| Siblings | p. 72 |
| Family communication and interaction | p. 74 |
| Conclusions | p. 76 |
| Communication and education | p. 78 |
| Introduction | p. 78 |
| The communication of 'bad news' | p. 79 |
| Children's understanding of chronic disease | p. 81 |
| Developmental changes in children's understanding of illness | p. 83 |
| The cognitive stage approach to studying children's concepts of illness | p. 84 |
| Concepts of illness | p. 84 |
| Concepts of the body | p. 85 |
| Concepts of death | p. 86 |
| Concepts of related health and illness issues | p. 86 |
| Criticisms of the 'stage' model | p. 88 |
| Alternative theoretical approaches | p. 89 |
| The 'script' approach | p. 90 |
| Conclusions | p. 91 |
| Intervention programmes | p. 93 |
| Introduction | p. 93 |
| Programmes to increase disease-related knowledge | p. 93 |
| Programmes to increase self-care skills | p. 95 |
| Programmes to improve social skills | p. 98 |
| Interventions with families and schools | p. 100 |
| Programmes to improve participation in school-life | p. 100 |
| Interventions for parents | p. 102 |
| Interventions with bereaved families | p. 103 |
| Conclusions | p. 104 |
| Coping with chronic disease | p. 105 |
| Introduction | p. 105 |
| Theoretical approaches to understanding coping during childhood | p. 105 |
| Coping with everyday stress | p. 111 |
| Interpersonal stress | p. 112 |
| School-related stress | p. 113 |
| Conclusions | p. 114 |
| Future directions | p. 116 |
| Developmental perspectives | p. 116 |
| Structuralist versus functionalist approaches | p. 118 |
| The psychological effects of chronic disease on the child | p. 119 |
| Chronic disease: a single diagnosis? | p. 119 |
| Outcome measures | p. 121 |
| Intelligence | p. 121 |
| Social development | p. 122 |
| Personality | p. 123 |
| Other issues in child adjustment research | p. 123 |
| Time | p. 123 |
| Gender | p. 124 |
| Adjustment in families | p. 125 |
| Psychology-paediatric liaison | p. 126 |
| References | p. 128 |
| Author index | p. 159 |
| Subject index | p. 170 |
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