| Foreword | p. xiii |
| Preface | p. xvii |
| Acknowledgments | p. xix |
| List of authors and their addresses | p. xxi |
| Legends for the cover photos | p. xxix |
| General Aspects | p. 1 |
| Prioritizing Symbiosis to Sustain Biodiversity: Are Symbionts Keystone Species? | p. 3 |
| Morphological Aspects of Symbiosis | p. 13 |
| Symbioses and Their Consequences for Community and Applied Ecology | p. 45 |
| Origin & Evolution | p. 63 |
| What's in a Tree? Does Horizontal Gene Transfer Determine Microbial Taxonomy? | p. 65 |
| The Commonality of Cyanobacterial Endosymbioses Does Not Support the Endosymbiotic Theory for Origin of Eukaryotic Organelles | p. 81 |
| Non Symbiotic Origin of Locomotory Organelles | p. 99 |
| The Cyanelle (Muroplast) of Cyanophora Paradoxa: A Paradigm for Endosymbiotic Organelle Evolution | p. 111 |
| The Syntrophy Hypothesis for the Origin of Eukaryotes | p. 131 |
| Thermodynamic Ecology of Hydrogen-Based Syntrophy | p. 147 |
| Nutritional Syntrophies and Consortia as Models for the Origin of Mitochondria | p. 163 |
| Reversion of Endosymbiosis? The Case of Bleaching in Euglena | p. 185 |
| Symbiosomes | p. 207 |
| The Absence of Nitrogen-Fixing Organelles Due to Timing of the Nitrogen Crisis | p. 221 |
| Nucleus Symbiosis Hypothesis: Formation of Eukaryotic Cell Nuclei by the Symbiosis of Archaea in Bacteria | p. 229 |
| Bacteria, Cyanobacteria & Algae | p. 237 |
| Phototrophic Consortia: A Tight Cooperation Between Non-Related Eubacteria | p. 239 |
| Structure and Phylogeny of Cyanophora Species | p. 257 |
| The Microenvironment and Photosynthetic Performance of Prochloron sp. in Symbiosis with Didemnid Ascidians | p. 273 |
| Fungi Symbiosis | p. 291 |
| Survival Strategies in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbionts | p. 293 |
| Three Part Harmony--Ascophyllum and its Symbionts | p. 309 |
| Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Their Endobacteria | p. 323 |
| Lichens | p. 339 |
| Origin and Evolution of Green Lichen Algae | p. 341 |
| Lichenization of the Trentepohliales | p. 359 |
| Trebouxia: Reflections on a Perplexing and Controversial Lichen Photobiont | p. 373 |
| Symbiosis in Plants | p. 385 |
| Algae Living on Trees and in Other Strange Places | p. 387 |
| Cycad Coralloid Roots Housing Cyanobacteria | p. 397 |
| Evolution of Epichloe/Neotyphodium Endophytes and Other Clavicipitalean Biotrophs | p. 411 |
| The Effect of Endophytic Fungi on Host Plant Morphogenesis | p. 425 |
| Association with Protozoa | p. 449 |
| Anaerobic Ciliates and Their Methanogenic Endosymbionts | p. 451 |
| Endosymbiosis of Beta-Proteobacteria in Trypanosomatid Protozoa | p. 465 |
| Ectosymbiosis in Ciliated Protozoa | p. 475 |
| Living Sands: Symbiosis Between Foraminifera and Algae | p. 489 |
| Protistan-Prokaryotic Symbioses in Deep-Sea Sulfidic Sediments | p. 507 |
| Symbiosis in Insects and Higher Animals | p. 519 |
| Sponge/Algal Symbioses: A Diversity of Associations | p. 521 |
| The Taxonomy and Evolution of the Zooxanthellae-Coral Symbiosis | p. 539 |
| Algal Symbiosis in Flatworms | p. 559 |
| Trichomycetes: Fungi in Relationship with Insects and Other Arthropods | p. 575 |
| Evolution of Ascomycota-Arthropoda Symbioses | p. 589 |
| The Laboulbeniales--An Enigmatic Group of Arthropod-Associated Fungi | p. 611 |
| Wolbachia-Induced Cytoplasmic Incompatibility | p. 621 |
| How Do Wolbachia Symbionts Increase the Proportion of Females in Their Hosts? | p. 645 |
| Genome of Buchnera sp. Aps, An Intracellular Symbiotic Bacterium of the Pea Aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum | p. 663 |
| The Functions of Symbiotic Micro-Organisms in Insects. A Perspective from Studies on Aposymbiotic Aphids | p. 675 |
| Ants, Agriculture and Antibiotics. A Quadripartite Symbiosis | p. 685 |
| Termite Hindgut Symbionts | p. 701 |
| Symbiosis in the Termite Gut | p. 715 |
| Cultivation of Symbiotic Fungi by Termites of the Subfamily Macrotermitinae | p. 731 |
| Cospeciation Between Hosts and Symbionts: The Sepiolid Squid-Vibrio Mutualism | p. 757 |
| Index | p. 775 |
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