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Carbon

The Future Material for Advanced Technology Applications

By: Giacomo Messina (Editor), Saveria Santangelo (Editor)

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Hardcover | 22 May 2006

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Hardcover
556 Pages

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23.39 x 15.6 x 3.02

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$555.75

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Carbon-based materials and their applications constitute a burgeoning topic of scientific research among scientists and engineers drawn to the field from diverse areas such as applied physics, materials science, biology, mechanics, electronics and engineering. Further development of existing materials, advances in their applications, and discovery of new forms of carbon are the themes addressed by the frontier research in these fields. This book covers all the fundamental topics concerned with amorphous and crystalline C-based materials, such as diamond, diamond-like carbon, carbon alloys, and carbon nanotubes. The goal is, by coherently progressing from growth -- and characterization techniques to technological applications for each class of material -- to fashion the first comprehensive state-of-the-art review of this fast evolving field of research in carbon materials.

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Non-Fiction Engineering & Technology Mechanical Engineering & Materials Materials Science Science Chemistry Physical Chemistry Industrial Chemistry & Manufacturing Technologies Industrial Chemistry Physics Materials & States of Matter Electronics & Communications Engineering

Electronics Engineering Energy Technology & Engineering Electrical Engineering Technology in General

Aid of Scaling Laws in the Achievement of a Well-Controlled Film Deposition Process	p. 1
A Spectroscopic Approach to Carbon Materials for Energy Storage	p. 23
Introduction	p. 23
Carbon-Based Materials	p. 24
Prototypical Lattices in Three, Two and One Dimensions	p. 26
Diamond	p. 26
Graphite	p. 28
Polyacetylene	p. 29
Polyynes	p. 32
A Spectroscopic Approach to Disordered Carbon Materials	p. 33
1D Systems - Saturated Carbon Materials	p. 33
Polyconjugated Polymers	p. 34
2D sp[superscript 2] Systems	p. 35
Edge Effects in Graphitic Domains for Structure Diagnosis	p. 36
Approaching the Structure of Carbonaceous Materials by Vibrational Spectroscopy: Imagination and Reality	p. 41
Carbon-Based Materials for Hydrogen Storage	p. 44
Conclusions	p. 47
References	p. 48
Index	p. 52
Biocompatibility, Cytotoxicity and Bioactivity of Amorphous Carbon Films	p. 55
Introduction	p. 55
Experimental Details	p. 58
Film Deposition	p. 58
Film Characterization	p. 58
Cell Preparation	p. 59
Cytotoxicity Test	p. 59
Bioactivity	p. 60
Morphological Assay	p. 60
Protein Synthesis	p. 60
Results	p. 62
Film Properties	p. 62
Cytotoxicity	p. 64
Bioactivity	p. 65
Morphological Analysis	p. 65
Proteins	p. 65
Discussion	p. 71
References	p. 73
Index	p. 75
Characterisation of the Growth Mechanism during PECVD of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes	p. 77
Introduction	p. 77
Production of Carbon Nanotubes	p. 82
Plasma Composition during PECVD	p. 84
Characterisation of the Growth Mechanism	p. 85
Conclusion	p. 89
References	p. 90
Index	p. 92
Correlation Between Local Structure and Film Properties in Amorphous Carbon Materials	p. 95
Introduction	p. 95
Electronic States in Carbon	p. 95
Hybridisation and Local Structure	p. 96
The Various Forms of Amorphous Carbon	p. 97
Phase Matching and Its Effects on Materials	p. 99
Optoelectronic and Mechanical Properties	p. 102
Conclusion	p. 103
References	p. 104
Index	p. 104
Defects in CVD Diamond Films from Their Response as Nuclear Detectors	p. 107
Introduction	p. 107
CVD Diamond Nuclear Detectors: Realization and Physics	p. 108
Analysis of the Charge Collection Spectrum	p. 111
Qualitative Analysis	p. 111
Quantitative Analysis: The General Model	p. 115
The Use of Detector Thickness	p. 117
The Use of Penetration Depth	p. 119
Time-Domain Analysis	p. 123
The Background	p. 123
Qualitative Analysis	p. 125
Quantitative Analysis: Computer Simulation	p. 126
Temperature Effects: Depumping	p. 129
Conclusion	p. 133
References	p. 133
Index	p. 135
Effects of Nanoscale Clustering in Amorphous Carbon	p. 137
Introduction and Bonding in Carbon	p. 137
Disorder in Amorphous Carbon	p. 139
Intracluster Effects in Amorphous Carbon	p. 142
Intercluster Interactions in Amorphous Carbon	p. 147
Field Emission from Amorphous Carbon	p. 148
Conclusions	p. 150
References	p. 150
Index	p. 151
Elastic and Structural Properties of Carbon Materials Investigated by Brillouin Light Scattering	p. 153
Introduction	p. 153
Experimental Technique	p. 156
Derivation of the Elastic Constants	p. 158
Brillouin Scattering from Carbonaceous Materials	p. 161
Ultra-Thin Carbon Films	p. 162
Nanotubes	p. 166
Conclusions	p. 170
References	p. 170
Index	p. 173
Electrical Resistivity and Real Structure of Magnetron-Sputtered Carbon Films	p. 175
Introduction	p. 175
Experimental	p. 176
Results and Discussion	p. 177
Substrate Temperature Effects	p. 177
Substrate Bias Effects	p. 181
Conclusion	p. 184
References	p. 185
Index	p. 186
Formation, Atomic Structures and Properties of Carbon Nanocage Materials	p. 187
Introduction	p. 187
Synthesis Methods	p. 189
Fullerene Clusters and Metallofullerenes	p. 190
Onions and Nanotubes	p. 196
Carbon Nanocapsules	p. 200
Properties of Carbon Nanomaterials	p. 204
Photoluminescence of Carbon Nanocapsules	p. 204
Magnetic Properties of Carbon Nanocapsules	p. 205
Possibility of H[subscript 2] Gas Storage in Carbon Nanocages	p. 207
One-Dimensional Self-Organization of Nanocapsules	p. 209
Conclusion	p. 212
References	p. 212
Index	p. 215
Hard Amorphous Hydrogenated Carbon Films and Alloys	p. 217
Introduction	p. 217
Film Growth and Chemical Composition	p. 220
Film Microstructure	p. 224
Mechanical and Nanotribological Properties	p. 229
Conclusion	p. 234
References	p. 235
Index	p. 237
Ion Microscopy on Diamond	p. 239
Introduction	p. 240
IBIC	p. 241
Lateral IBIC	p. 246
IBIL	p. 251
XBIC	p. 257
Conclusions	p. 263
References	p. 264
Index	p. 265
Measurements of Defect Density Inside CVD Diamond Films Through Nuclear Particle Penetration	p. 267
Diamond as Radiation Detector	p. 267
Properties of Diamond	p. 267
Lattice Defects in Synthetic Diamond Crystals	p. 269
Application of Diamond to Beam and Beam Profile Monitoring	p. 271
Mechanism of Conduction in Circuits Including Diamond	p. 273
Modified Hecht's Model for Charge Transport Inside Diamond	p. 275
Absorption of Carriers During Their Transport Along the Electric Field Lines	p. 275
Edge Effects	p. 276
Effect of Nonuniform Bragg's Deposit of Charge into Diamond	p. 278
Nonuniform Distributions of Charge and Defects	p. 279
Charge Collection Efficiencies of Diamond Detectors Under Ion Bombardment	p. 280
Experimental Procedure to Measure the Charge Collection Efficiencies	p. 282
Corrections to the Efficiencies [eta subscript plus or minus] Needed to Into Take Account the Pulse Height Defect of Diamond for Detectors Heavy Ionizing Particles	p. 283
Conclusions	p. 285
References	p. 285
Index	p. 286
Laser Ablation-Deposited CN[subscript x] Thin Films	p. 287
Introduction	p. 287
Experiments	p. 288
Results and Discussion	p. 289
Conclusion	p. 300
References	p. 301
Index	p. 302
Modeling of the Transport Properties of Diamond Radiation Sensors	p. 303
Models of the Polycrystalline Diamond Band Gap	p. 303
Band A	p. 304
Trapping Centers	p. 304
Carrier Lifetimes and Charge Collection Distance	p. 305
Location of the Trapping and Recombination Centers in the Diamond Band Gap	p. 306
Unipolar Conduction	p. 308
A General Model for Transport Properties of pCVD Diamond: Underlying Assumptions	p. 309
Conductivity Under Exposure to Ionizing Radiation	p. 311
Thermal Relaxation of Uniform Trap Level Distributions	p. 316
Radiation Induced Conductivity Transient at Different Fading Times	p. 317
Persistent Radiation-Induced Conductivity	p. 319
Conclusions	p. 323
References	p. 325
Index	p. 326
Nucleation Process of CVD Diamond on Molybdenum Substrates	p. 329
Introduction	p. 329
Experimental	p. 330
Results and Discussion	p. 331
Raman and Photoluminescence Analysis	p. 331
Discontinuous Samples	p. 332
Continuous Samples	p. 334
Statistical Study of the Nucleation Process	p. 336
Conclusions	p. 340
References	p. 341
Index	p. 343
Optical Characterisation of High-Quality Homoepitaxial Diamond	p. 345
Introduction	p. 345
Experimental	p. 348
Results	p. 348
Optical and SEM Characterisation	p. 348
Raman Characterisation	p. 350
First-Order Raman Scattering	p. 350
Second-Order Raman Scattering	p. 351
Photoluminescence Characterisation	p. 352
Discussion and Conclusions	p. 355
References	p. 357
Index	p. 358
Pulsed Laser Deposition of Carbon Films: Tailoring Structure and Properties	p. 359
Introduction	p. 359
Experimental Details	p. 361
Results	p. 362
Low-Pressure Deposited Films	p. 362
High-Pressure Deposited Films	p. 367
Discussion	p. 373
Low-Pressure Deposited Films	p. 373
High-Pressure Deposited Films	p. 376
Conclusions	p. 377
References	p. 378
Index	p. 379
Raman Spectra and Structure of sp[superscript 2] Carbon-Based Materials: Electron-Phonon Coupling, Vibrational Dynamics and Raman Activity	p. 381
Introduction	p. 381
Raman Spectra of Polyconjugated Materials	p. 383
Electron-Phonon Coupling and Raman Features	p. 385
Electron-Phonon Coupling in Polyacetylene	p. 385
Electron-Phonon Coupling in Graphenes	p. 390
Electron-Phonon Coupling in Carbon Nanotubes	p. 395
Conclusions	p. 399
References	p. 400
Index	p. 402
Raman Spectroscopy and Optical Properties of Amorphous Diamond-Like Carbon Films	p. 403
Introduction	p. 403
Experimental Details	p. 404
Raman Diagnostics	p. 405
Effects Induced by Interference of Light	p. 409
Optical Characterization	p. 413
Some Applications	p. 416
Conclusions	p. 418
References	p. 419
Index	p. 420
Raman Spectroscopy of CVD Carbon Thin Films Excited by Near-Infrared Light	p. 423
Introduction	p. 423
The Raman Effect	p. 423
Raman Spectra of Carbon Materials	p. 426
Infrared Excited Raman Spectroscopy of Amorphous Carbon Thin Films	p. 429
a-C:H Thin Films Prepared from Benzene	p. 429
a-C:H Thin Layers Prepared From Methane	p. 438
References	p. 443
Index	p. 444
The Role of Hydrogen in the Electronic Structure of Amorphous Carbon: An Electron Spectroscopy Study	p. 447
Introduction	p. 447
Experimental	p. 449
Hydrogen Incorporation in the Structure of a-C	p. 449
Temperature-Induced Hydrogen Evolution from a-C:H	p. 450
Hydrogen Incorporation in the Structure of a-C	p. 450
Temperature-Induced Hydrogen Evolution from a-C:H	p. 455
Concluding Remarks	p. 459
References	p. 461
Index	p. 462
UV-Induced Photoconduction in Diamond	p. 463
Introduction	p. 463
Overview	p. 464
Properties of Diamond	p. 467
Synthesis of Diamond	p. 468
Experimental Methods	p. 470
Electro-Optical Properties	p. 472
Polycrystalline Diamond Detectors	p. 474
Single-Crystal Diamond Detectors	p. 481
Single-Pixel Detectors	p. 485
Photodetectors	p. 485
Photoconductor	p. 485
Photodiode	p. 487
Pixel Array Detectors	p. 489
Applications	p. 491
UV Lasers	p. 493
Photolithography	p. 494
Space Astronomy	p. 495
Conclusions	p. 497
References	p. 498
Index	p. 503
Vibrational Spectroscopy in Ion-Irradiated Carbon-Based Thin Films	p. 505
Introduction	p. 505
Irradiation of Crystalline Carbon and Carbon Alloys	p. 506
Irradiation of Hydrocarbons (Oligomers, Polymers and Frozen Gases)	p. 510
Irradiation of sp-Rich Amorphous Carbon Phases	p. 513
References	p. 518
Index	p. 519
Index	p. 521
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

Carbon

The Future Material for Advanced Technology Applications

At a Glance

Hardcover

Shipping

How to return your order

Defective items

You Can Find This Book In

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