BLACK HOLE AT THE CENTER OF THE MILKY WAY, THE

By: Andreas Eckart, Rainer Schodel, Christian Straubmeier

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Hardcover | 14 September 2005

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Hardcover
308 Pages

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15.9 x 23.4 x 1.8

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Reviewing the fundamental instrumental techniques and current observational results, this book unveils the mysteries of the physical processes in the central parsec of our Milky Way: the super-massive black hole embedded in a central stellar cluster as well as the gas and dust in the circumnuclear region.The observations described cover the entire electromagnetic spectrum from decimeter radio-waves to high energy X-ray and -rays, and a comprehensive summary of up-to-date astrophysical interpretations is given.The emphasis is put on observational techniques, image processing aspects, and a detailed presentation of the most cutting-edge work carried out in the near-infrared wavelength regime. These recent results include both the first orbits of stars around the central black hole and the multiwavelength variability of the central source.

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Non-Fiction Science Astronomy, Space & Time Galaxies & Stars Physics Applied Physics Astrophysics Biology, Life Sciences Booktopia Publisher Services World Scientific Publishing

Preface	p. v
Observational Techniques	p. 1
The GC Across the Electromagnetic Spectrum	p. 1
Radio Wavelengths	p. 2
Far-Infrared Wavelengths	p. 7
Near- and Mid-Infrared Wavelengths	p. 12
Optical Wavelengths	p. 16
X-Ray Energies	p. 17
[gamma]-Ray Energies	p. 20
NIR Imaging Through the Atmosphere	p. 22
Speckle Imaging	p. 26
The Knox-Thompson Method	p. 30
The Bispectrum Analysis	p. 31
Seeing Calibration of Fourier Data	p. 32
The Shift-and-Add Algorithm	p. 33
Speckle Spectroscopy	p. 37
Speckle Instrumentation	p. 39
Sharp	p. 40
NIRC	p. 41
Single Telescope Adaptive Optics	p. 42
Adaptive Optics Imaging	p. 42
Adaptive Optics Spectroscopy	p. 49
Adaptive Optics Instrumentation	p. 51
NAOS/CONICA	p. 51
NIRC2	p. 54
PUEO	p. 54
ADONIS	p. 55
HOKUPA'A	p. 55
FASTTRAC	p. 56
Cleaning and Deconvolution	p. 57
Linear Deconvolution	p. 58
Lucy-Richardson Deconvolution	p. 60
Estimating the PSF	p. 61
Iterative Blind Deconvolution	p. 62
Comparison of Deconvolution Algorithms	p. 63
Future IR Interferometry	p. 66
VLTI	p. 67
Keck Interferometer	p. 69
LBT LINC/NIRVANA	p. 70
Observational Results	p. 71
The Discovery of Sagittarius A*	p. 71
Large-Scale Structures at the Galactic Center	p. 73
The Circum Nuclear Disk	p. 76
The Mini-Spiral	p. 77
Radio Filaments	p. 79
Near-Infrared Images of the Central Stellar Cluster	p. 80
A Brief History of NIR Imaging	p. 80
Diffraction Limited Images	p. 83
The Radio and Infrared Positional Reference Frames	p. 86
Number Density Counts	p. 88
Evidence for a Central Stellar Cusp	p. 92
K-band Luminosity Function	p. 95
Polarization of Filaments and Stars	p. 100
Extended Filaments in the Sgr A Complex	p. 100
Polarized Emission from Stars	p. 103
Stellar Velocities and Orbital Accelerations	p. 105
Measuring Stellar Proper Motions	p. 106
Motions in the Outer Cluster	p. 108
Motions in the Inner Cluster	p. 108
Accelerations of Stars Near Sgr A*	p. 112
Stellar Orbits	p. 113
Spectroscopy	p. 117
Stellar Populations	p. 118
The Upper Mass Cut-Off	p. 120
The Central Arcsecond	p. 122
Results of Speckle Spectroscopy	p. 123
Extraction and Calibration of Spectra	p. 123
Spectra in the Central Sgr A* Cluster	p. 124
Adaptive Optics Spectroscopy of the Central Cusp	p. 125
Star Formation at the Galactic Center?	p. 128
Embedded Objects	p. 130
IR-Excess Objects	p. 131
Sgr A* Across the Electromagnetic Spectrum	p. 136
Size and Spectrum of Sgr A* at Radio Wavelengths	p. 136
Polarization of Sgr A* at Radio Wavelengths	p. 141
Sgr A* as a Variable X-Ray Source	p. 143
Sgr A* as a Variable NIR Source	p. 145
How Likely are Strong NIR Flares?	p. 150
First Simultaneous X-Ray/NIR Detection of Sgr A*	p. 152
Astrophysical Results	p. 155
The Stellar Velocity Field	p. 156
Scenarios for Star Formation at the Galactic Center	p. 160
Infall of Stellar Clusters	p. 161
In Situ Formation from Dense Gas	p. 164
Formation of Stars in the Mini-Spiral	p. 165
Capture of Stars by Ejection of Stellar Remnants	p. 167
The Central Dark Mass	p. 167
First Order Estimates	p. 167
Mass Estimators	p. 168
The Jeans Method	p. 169
The Orbit of the Star S2	p. 173
Orbits of Other Stars Around Sgr A*	p. 174
A Lower Limit to the Mass	p. 174
Stability of the Enclosed Dark Mass	p. 175
Agglomerations of Exotic Particles?	p. 178
The Central Stellar Cusp	p. 181
Spatial Distribution of the Stars	p. 181
Velocity Distribution of the Stars	p. 183
Mass of the Cusp	p. 185
Young, Massive Stars in the Cusp	p. 185
Dynamics of the Cusp and Presence of Young Stars	p. 186
Analysis of Stellar Orbits Near the Central Black Hole	p. 189
Relativistic Periastron Shift	p. 190
Lense-Thirring Precession	p. 191
Newtonian Effects	p. 193
Orbits in a Uniform Density Sphere	p. 193
Stellar Deflections	p. 194
Constraints from non-Keplerian Orbits	p. 196
The Central Black Hole	p. 199
Standard Accretion Theory	p. 200
The Low Luminosity of Sgr A*	p. 201
Radiatively Inefficient Accretion Flow Models	p. 202
Sgr A* Flare Models	p. 207
A Spin Measurement of the Black Hole?	p. 210
Gravitational Disk Modes	p. 212
Imaging the Event Horizon of Sgr A*	p. 215
Comparison to Nuclei of Other Galaxies	p. 215
Massive Black Holes at High Redshifts	p. 218
Color Versions of Selected Figures	p. 223
Table of Individual Sources	p. 237
Useful Quantities	p. 241
Table of Abbreviations	p. 243
Bibliography	p. 249
Index	p. 273
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

BLACK HOLE AT THE CENTER OF THE MILKY WAY, THE

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