Between Alienation and Citizenship

The Evolution of Black West Indian Society in Panama, 1914D1964

By: Trevor O'Reggio

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Paperback | 26 April 2006

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218 Pages

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22.86 x 15.24 x 1.27

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Between Alienation and Citizenship traces the history of the Black West Indian immigrant society in Panama from 1914 to 1964. Originally brought to Panama by the Americans and French as labor for the building of the Panama Canal, many of the workers stayed behind after completion of the canal to work for the Americans. Buffeted and battered by racism and prejudice from the Americans and xenophobia and chauvinism from the Panamanians, they created a thriving and even occasionally flourishing subculture and society.

During much of the 50 years encompassed in this study, the Panamanian Black West Indian society existed in a kind of no man's land. The Panamanians were unwilling to accept them as full citizens even though many were born in Panama, and the Americans treated them as second-class citizens. The immigrants, also known as "nowhereans," faced this crisis of identity and homelessness with a steely determination and tenacity to survive. They established institutions, schools, churches, businesses, and profoundly changed the life and culture of Panama in ways that are still evident today. Between Alienation and Citizenship is a story of survival, tenacity, determination, and courage.

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You Can Find This Book In

Non-Fiction Society & Culture Social Issues & Processes Migration, Immigration & Emigration History Regional & National History History of the Americas Earliest Times to Present Day 20th Century History from 1900 to 2000 Specific Events & Topics in History Social & Cultural History Sociology & Anthropology

Anthropology Social & Cultural Anthropology, Ethnography Sociology

List of Tables
Preface
Acknowledgements
Introduction	p. 1
Limitations and Implications of Study	p. 7
Definition of Important Terms	p. 9
Literature Survey	p. 10
Theoretical Framework	p. 15
Theoretical Discussion of Ethnicity	p. 15
Comparative Perspective	p. 16
Societal Theory	p. 18
National Identity	p. 20
Summary	p. 24
The Black Presence in Panama	p. 25
Slavery in Colonial Latin America and Panama	p. 25
Race in Spanish Social Structure	p. 30
Effects of Panamanian Attitudes on Relations with Black West Indian Immigrants	p. 34
Panama's Views Concerning Blacks and its Impact on Black West Indian Immigrants	p. 35
Black West Indian Migration to Panama	p. 35
Summary	p. 45
A Transient Community: 1914-1929	p. 49
Introduction	p. 49
Gold and Silver Workers and Jim Crow Laws	p. 50
The West Indian Labor Union Movement	p. 51
Trade Unions and Strikes	p. 51
Trends in American Society that Influenced Events in the Canal Zone	p. 60
Racism as a Factor in the Canal Zone Relationship	p. 61
Panamanian Response	p. 66
Black West Indian Society - Forged under Pressure	p. 69
West Indian Businesses and Professionals	p. 78
Analysis and Summary of the Period 1914-1929	p. 79
Accommodation in the Midst of Adversity: 1929-1945	p. 85
Introduction	p. 85
The Canal Authorities and the Gold Workers' Efforts to Undermine West Indian Survival	p. 86
The Second World War	p. 95
Panamanian Nationalism Impacts Black West Indians	p. 97
The West Indian Community Fights Back	p. 106
Summary	p. 116
The Road Towards Integration: 1945-1964	p. 123
Introduction	p. 123
Cold War Influences on Panama	p. 124
Black West Indian Attempts to Cope with Integration	p. 132
Wages	p. 132
Depopulation	p. 134
School Conversion	p. 135
The Treaty of 1955	p. 136
Racism	p. 137
Black West Indian Migration to the United States	p. 137
The Union Movement	p. 138
Politics	p. 141
Panama and the West Indians' Efforts to Integrate	p. 143
Re-Nationalization of Afro-West Indians	p. 143
Religion	p. 146
Race as a Factor in the Integration Process	p. 147
Summary	p. 147
Summary and Conclusions	p. 153
Appendices
Van den Berghe's Schematic Outline of the Paternalistic and the Competitive Types of Race Relations	p. 161
Service Contract Between I.C.C. and Charles Cumberbatch	p. 164
Letters of West Indian Workers	p. 166
Panama Immigration Law 13	p. 174
Articles in Workman	p. 176
Hull-Alfaro Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation	p. 180
Bibliography	p. 191
Index	p. 199
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

Between Alienation and Citizenship

The Evolution of Black West Indian Society in Panama, 1914D1964

At a Glance

Paperback

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How to return your order

Defective items

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