| Preface | p. xiii |
| Acknowledgments | p. xv |
| Global telecommunications law, policy, and regulation | p. 1 |
| Introduction | p. 2 |
| The current status of the electronic communications sector | p. 4 |
| The process of achieving competition: privatization, liberalization, and effective regulation | p. 6 |
| The basic formula to achieve effective competition | p. 6 |
| Current status of effective competition | p. 10 |
| Pressures on the creation of effective competition | p. 13 |
| The impact of failure to open the market to effective competition | p. 15 |
| Direct impacts of the failure to create competition | p. 15 |
| Indirect impacts of the failure to liberalize | p. 16 |
| Overall impact of market openness on the creation of a viable telecommunications business and its customers | p. 18 |
| Impact on a viable telecommunications business | p. 18 |
| Business customer woes | p. 20 |
| Individual markets must address their specific needs in creating a competitive market | p. 20 |
| References | p. 21 |
| Selected bibliography | p. 22 |
| The basic regulatory equation: the foundation for competition | p. 23 |
| The basic regulatory equation | p. 23 |
| Why competition? | p. 24 |
| A brief chronology | p. 24 |
| Influences | p. 30 |
| The needs of the business community | p. 30 |
| Technological innovations | p. 32 |
| Government needs | p. 33 |
| Societal needs | p. 33 |
| International pressure | p. 34 |
| Subsidiary goals | p. 36 |
| Privatization | p. 38 |
| Different forms of privatization | p. 39 |
| The status of the privatization process | p. 40 |
| Liberalization | p. 41 |
| The components of a successful liberalization process | p. 41 |
| Liberalization may be phased in | p. 42 |
| The effectiveness of the liberalization process | p. 44 |
| The result | p. 44 |
| An effective regulatory regime | p. 47 |
| Deregulation: a hidden component | p. 49 |
| The result: recent case studies | p. 50 |
| Switzerland: a non-EU country that has adopted EU-like telecommunications regulations | p. 50 |
| Brazil: a market on the move | p. 51 |
| Hong Kong: making progress | p. 53 |
| Conclusion | p. 55 |
| References | p. 55 |
| Selected bibliography | p. 56 |
| The historical evolution of global telecommunications markets | p. 57 |
| The evolution of telecommunications markets | p. 58 |
| The beginning | p. 58 |
| The dawn of the computer and wireless age: increased globalization means pressure on the traditional PTT model | p. 62 |
| The political and legal decision to move forward | p. 64 |
| The initial incremental step: establishing and implementing a regulatory regime | p. 65 |
| The next incremental step: privatization of the incumbent service provider | p. 66 |
| The liberalization step | p. 67 |
| The continuing step of creating effective regulation | p. 68 |
| Examples of market evolution | p. 69 |
| The Americas | p. 70 |
| A new, unified Europe | p. 77 |
| Asia Pacific | p. 81 |
| The Middle East | p. 87 |
| Africa | p. 88 |
| References | p. 90 |
| Difficulties of opening markets to effective competition: domestic remedies | p. 93 |
| Overview | p. 93 |
| Why governments are hesitant to open their markets to effective competition | p. 94 |
| Privatization and liberalization: what went wrong? | p. 97 |
| Privatization failures | p. 97 |
| Liberalization | p. 102 |
| Domestic remedies | p. 104 |
| Legal | p. 106 |
| Regulatory | p. 106 |
| Other government agencies | p. 108 |
| Judicial | p. 108 |
| Political bodies | p. 109 |
| Next steps | p. 109 |
| References | p. 109 |
| International market opening and leveling tools | p. 111 |
| Overview | p. 111 |
| The use of international organizations to obtain results | p. 113 |
| The International Telecommunication Union | p. 113 |
| The WTO | p. 115 |
| OECD | p. 119 |
| The World Bank | p. 120 |
| Regional organizations | p. 120 |
| Bilateral and other multilateral trade agreements | p. 121 |
| Intergovernment relations | p. 122 |
| The role of competition and international trade law | p. 124 |
| The need for a global regulator | p. 125 |
| References | p. 126 |
| Creating a basic corporate strategy for market access | p. 127 |
| Profitability as a goal | p. 129 |
| Formulating a basic corporate entry strategy | p. 130 |
| Identifying a customer base | p. 130 |
| Identifying a service product | p. 131 |
| Identifying technologies | p. 132 |
| New entrant or incumbent service provider | p. 134 |
| Entry as an incumbent | p. 134 |
| Entry as a new entrant | p. 135 |
| The decision to be a regional or global player | p. 136 |
| Pulling the corporate strategy together | p. 136 |
| Case study: MarathonTel, an overview of the company and its corporate strategy | p. 137 |
| References | p. 138 |
| Evaluating individual market opportunities | p. 141 |
| Overview | p. 141 |
| Identifying opportunities | p. 142 |
| Opportunities presented to the potential entrant | p. 143 |
| Opportunities that the potential entrant seeks out | p. 144 |
| Opportunities that the potential entrant creates | p. 144 |
| The due diligence | p. 145 |
| The overarching review of the basic regulatory formula factors | p. 146 |
| The due diligence checklist | p. 146 |
| Introduction to the review process of the due diligence analysis | p. 153 |
| Continuation of case study: MarathonTel expands its corporate services to Eastern Europe | p. 154 |
| The opportunity | p. 154 |
| The review process | p. 155 |
| Basic regulatory review | p. 155 |
| Due diligence review | p. 155 |
| Review of the opportunity | p. 160 |
| References | p. 161 |
| Structuring global telecommunications ventures | p. 163 |
| Overview | p. 163 |
| Overview of the general forms of entry | p. 164 |
| Common attributes of structures where entrant is the service provider | p. 165 |
| Common attributes of structure where third party is the service provider | p. 167 |
| Considerations specific to each of the five basic forms of entry | p. 169 |
| Full operating company | p. 169 |
| Joint venture | p. 171 |
| Limited network entry strategy | p. 172 |
| Leveraging a third-party network | p. 174 |
| Reseller agreement | p. 175 |
| Continuation of case study: form of entry | p. 176 |
| References | p. 177 |
| Selected bibliography | p. 177 |
| Structuring a market to attract investors | p. 179 |
| Overview | p. 179 |
| Goals for the market | p. 183 |
| Public goals | p. 185 |
| Determining government priorities | p. 186 |
| References | p. 187 |
| Selected bibliography | p. 187 |
| Conclusion: where are we headed? | p. 189 |
| The model of a competitive telecommunications market | p. 190 |
| Impact of retrenchment | p. 190 |
| The future of the telecommunications industry | p. 192 |
| List of Web sites | p. 195 |
| List of abbreviations and acronyms | p. 199 |
| Glossary | p. 203 |
| About the author | p. 239 |
| Index | p. 241 |
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