Applied Thermodynamics in Unit Operations

Chapter 1. Introduction and Concepts. 1.1. A Short Review of Thermoynamics. Chapter 2. Mass Balance. 2.1. Mass Flow. 2.2. Volumetric Flow. 2.3. Mass Balance. 2.4. Material Balance. Chapter 3. Energy Balance. 3.1. Energy Balance. 3.2. Energy Balance of Closed Systems. 3.3. Thermophysical Properties. Chapter 4. Entropy. 4.1. Reversible and Irreversible Process. 4.2. Irreversibility Factors. 4.3. Internal and External Irreversibility. 4.4. Entropy. 4.5. Isentropic process. 4.6. Gibbs Equations. 4.7. Entropy Change of Liquids and Solids. 4.8. Isentropic Processes in Ideal Gases. 4.9. Mechanisms of entropy transfer. 4.10. Entropy balance. Chapter 5. Exergy. 5.1. Cycle. 5.2. Thermal engine. 5.3. Carnot Cycle. 5.4. Exergy of heat. 5.5. Exergy of work. 5.6. Exergy of mass. 5.7. Exergy of ideal gas. 5.8. Thermal and mechanical exergy of mass flow. 5.9. Cold and hot exergy. 5.10. Destruction of exergy. 5.11. Exergy balance. Chapter 6. thermodynamic analyses in unit operations. 6.1. Thermodynamic Analyses. 6.2. Energy Analysis. 6.3. Exergy Analysis. 6.4. System losses. 6.5. Application of tehrmodynamics in the food industry. 6.6. Thermophysical Properties of Agricultural Products and Food. 6.7. Energy analysis in unit operation. 6.8. Reversible work of steady flow. 6.9. Isentropic Efficiency of Steady Flow Equipment. 6.10. Case examples from the food industry. Chapter 7. Pschycrometry and Drying. 7.1. Mixture. 7.2. Gas Mixtures. 7.3. Properties of a Mixture of Ideal Gases. 7.4. Analysis of Humid Air. 7.5. Adiabatic Saturation Process. 7.6. Psychrometry Chart. 7.7. Thermodynamic Processes of Humid Air. 7.8. Cooling Tower. 7.9. Exergy of moist air. 7.10. Drying. Chapter 8. Exergy-Economic Analysis. 8.1. Concepts of exergy-economic analysis. 8.2. Heat exchanger. 8.3. Pump. 8.4. Mixing. 8.5. Evaporator. 8.6. Separator. 8.7. Throttling valve. References. Appendices