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Analysis of Seawater

A Guide for the Analytical and Environmental Chemist

By: T.R. Crompton

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Hardcover | 5 April 2006

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536 Pages

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23.5 x 15.88 x 3.18

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It is only in the past few years that methods of adequate sensitivity have become available for true ultra-trace metal determinations in water. In the case of organics in seawater it has now become possible to resolve the complex mixtures of organics in seawater and achieve the required very low detection limits. Fortunately, the interest in micro-constituents in the seawater both from the environmental and the nutrient balance points of view has coincided with the availability of advanced instrumentation capable of meeting the analytical needs.

This complete and up-to-date compilation of the currently employed proven methods for the chemical analysis of seawaters includes 45 tables and 48 figures. The author presents the methods in a logical manner so that the reader can readily learn how to perform them and understand the types of instrumentation available. It helps the practitioner to implement these methods successfully into his laboratory and to apply them quickly and reliably. In addition, the detailed description of each method enables the analyst to set up new analytical methods meeting the needs for the detection of new analytes. The volume covers all aspects of the analysis of seawater using both classical and the most advanced recently introduced physical techniques. It is an invaluable source for the analysts, oceanographers, fisheries experts, politicians and decision maker engaged in seawater environmental protection.

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"This book covers all aspects of the analysis of seawater ... . While the book will be of obvious interest to anyone concerned with sea water environmental protection, it is believed that it will also be of interest to other groups of workers, including river Authorities who have to implement legal requirements regarding seawater pollution, oceanographers, and fisheries experts. The book will also be of interest to practising analysts and, not least, to the scientists and environmentalists." (International Journal of Environmental and Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 86, 2006)

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Non-Fiction Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning Earth Sciences Hydrology & The Hydrosphere Oceanography & Seas Science Chemistry Analytical Chemistry Engineering & Technology Agriculture & Farming Medicine Other Branches of Medicine

Pharmacology Medical Toxicology The Environment Pollution & Threats to the Environment Environmental Science Pollution Control

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Paperback

Published: 12th February 2010

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Sampling and Storage	p. 1
Sampling	p. 1
Sampling Devices	p. 3
Intercomparison of Seawater Sampling for Trace Metals	p. 7
Intercomparison of Sampling Devices and Analytical Techniques Using Seawater from a CEPEX (Controlled, Ecosystem Pollution Experiment) Enclosure	p. 12
Sample Preservationand Storage	p. 17
Losses of Silver, Arsenic, Cadmium, Selenium, and Zinc from Seawater by Sorption on Various Container Surfaces [54]	p. 19
Losses of Phthalic Acid Esters and Polychlorinated Biphenyls from Seawater Samples During Storage	p. 26
Sample Contamination During Analysis	p. 27
References	p. 34
Determination of Anions	p. 39
Acetate	p. 39
Ion Chromatography	p. 39
Acrylate	p. 39
Ion Chromatography	p. 39
Alkalinity	p. 39
Titration Method	p. 39
Spectrophotometry Methods	p. 40
Arsenate/Arsenite	p. 41
Spectrophotometric Method	p. 41
Benzoate	p. 41
Ion Chromatography	p. 41
Butyrate	p. 41
Ion Chromatography	p. 41
Borate	p. 42
Spectrophotometric Method	p. 42
Bromate	p. 42
Spectrophotometric Titration and Differential Pulse Polarography	p. 42
Bromide	p. 45
Titration Method	p. 45
X-ray Emission Spectrometry	p. 45
Segmented Flow Analysis	p. 46
Solid State Membrane Electrodes	p. 46
X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy	p. 46
Isotachoelectrophoresis	p. 46
Chloride	p. 47
Titration Method	p. 47
Ion Selective Electrodes	p. 47
Chronopotentiometry	p. 48
Miscellaneous	p. 48
Chromateand Dichromate	p. 48
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry	p. 48
Organic Formsof Chromium	p. 49
Fluoride	p. 53
Spectrophotometric Method	p. 53
Ion Selective Electrodes	p. 53
Photoactivation Analysis	p. 56
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry	p. 56
Formate	p. 57
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)	p. 57
Hypochlorite	p. 58
Spectrophotometric Method	p. 58
Iodate	p. 58
Spectrophotometric Method	p. 58
Iodide	p. 62
Titration Method	p. 62
Spectrophotometric Method	p. 63
Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry	p. 63
Ion Chromatograpy	p. 64
Miscellaneous	p. 64
Molybdate	p. 65
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry	p. 65
Nitrate	p. 65
Spectrophotometric Methods	p. 65
Ultraviolet Spectroscopy	p. 66
Chemiluminescence Method	p. 68
Flow Injection Analysis	p. 68
Continuous Flow Analysis	p. 69
Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry	p. 69
Ion Chromatography	p. 69
Bacteriological Method	p. 69
Miscellaneous	p. 71
Nitrite	p. 71
Spectrophotometric Methods	p. 71
Flow Injection Analysis	p. 72
Isotope Dilution Gas Chromatography	p. 72
Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry	p. 72
Nitrateand Nitrite	p. 73
Spectrophotometric Method	p. 73
Flow Injection Analysis	p. 73
Continuous Flow Analysis	p. 75
Reverse Phase Ion Interaction Liquid Chromatography	p. 75
Miscellaneous	p. 75
Perrhenate	p. 76
Phosphate	p. 76
Reverse Flow Injection Analysis	p. 76
Spectrophotometric Method	p. 77
Ion Chromatography	p. 82
Propionate	p. 82
Ion Chromatography	p. 82
Pyruvate	p. 82
Ion Chromatography	p. 82
Selenate/Selenite	p. 82
Fluorometric Method	p. 82
Silicate	p. 83
Spectrophotometric Methods	p. 83
Flow Injection Analysis	p. 84
Ion Exclusion Chromatography	p. 84
Sulfide	p. 85
Gas Chromatography	p. 85
Capillary Isotachoelectrophoresis	p. 85
Sulfate	p. 86
Titration Method	p. 86
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry	p. 86
Polarography	p. 87
Ion Chromatography	p. 88
Valerate	p. 88
Ion Chromatography	p. 88
Multianion Analysis	p. 88
Spectrophotometric Methods, Phosphate, Arsenate, Arsenite, and Sulfide	p. 88
Electrostatic Ion Chromatography, Bromide, Nitrate, and Iodide	p. 89
Miscellaneous	p. 90
pH	p. 90
Suspended Solids	p. 91
Anion Preconcentration	p. 92
References	p. 92
Anions in Estuary and Coastal Waters	p. 99
Nitrate	p. 99
Ultraviolet Spectroscopy	p. 99
Nitrateand Nitrite	p. 99
Autoanalyser Method	p. 99
Phosphate	p. 100
Spectrophotometric Method	p. 100
Selenateand Selenite	p. 100
Spectrofluorometric Method	p. 100
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry	p. 101
Sulfate	p. 101
Spectrophotometric Method	p. 101
Multianion Analysis	p. 102
Spectrophotometric Method, Sulfate, Phosphate, Nitrate, and Sulfide	p. 102
References	p. 102
Dissolved Gases	p. 103
Free Chlorine	p. 103
Amperometric Titration Procedures	p. 103
Ozone	p. 108
Nitric Oxide	p. 108
Hydrogen Sulfide	p. 108
Carbon Dioxide	p. 108
References	p. 109
Cations in Seawater	p. 111
Introduction	p. 111
Actinium	p. 112
Aluminium	p. 112
Spectrophotometric Methods	p. 112
Spectrofluorometric Methods	p. 113
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry	p. 114
Anodic Stripping Voltammetry	p. 114
Gas Chromatography	p. 114
Ammonium	p. 115
Spectrophotometric Methods	p. 115
Flow Injection Analysis	p. 118
Ion-Selective Electrodes	p. 118
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography	p. 118
Antimony	p. 119
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry	p. 119
Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrometry	p. 119
Arsenic	p. 120
Spectrophotometric Methods	p. 120
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry	p. 121
Neutron Activation Analysis	p. 122
Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry	p. 123
Anodic Stripping Voltammetry	p. 123
X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy	p. 124
Barium	p. 124
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry	p. 124
Beryllium	p. 125
Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry	p. 125
Miscellaneous	p. 125
Bismuth	p. 126
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry	p. 126
Boron	p. 127
Spectrophotometric Methods	p. 127
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry	p. 128
Coulometry	p. 128
Cadmium	p. 129
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry	p. 129
Anodic Stripping Voltammetry	p. 134
Caesium	p. 135
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry	p. 135
Cerium	p. 136
Calcium	p. 136
Titration Methods	p. 136
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry	p. 138
Flame Photometry	p. 138
Calcium-Selective Electrodes	p. 138
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry	p. 139
Chromium	p. 139
Total Chromium	p. 139
Chromium (III)	p. 142
Chromium (HI) and (VI)	p. 143
Chromium (III) and Total Chromium.Gas Chromatography	p. 145
Organic Formsof Chromium	p. 145
Cobalt	p. 148
Spectrophotometric Methods	p. 148
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry	p. 149
Flow Injection Analysis	p. 150
Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry	p. 150
Spectrofluorometry	p. 150
Chemical Luminescence Analysis	p. 150
Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry	p. 151
Polarography	p. 151
Copper	p. 152
Titration Procedures	p. 153
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry	p. 154
Spectrophotometric Method and Spectrofluorometric Method	p. 155
Ion-Selective Electrodes	p. 155
Electroanalytical Methods	p. 155
Isotope Dilution Methods	p. 157
Electron Spin Resonance Spectrometry	p. 157
Miscellaneous Methods	p. 157
Copper Speciation	p. 157
Dysprosium	p. 163
Erbium	p. 163
Europium	p. 163
Gadolinium	p. 163
Gallium	p. 163
Germanium	p. 163
Hydride Generation Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry	p. 163
Gold	p. 164
Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry	p. 164
Photometry	p. 164
Holmium	p. 164
Indium	p. 164
Neutron Activation Analysis	p. 164
Iridium	p. 165
Iron	p. 165
Spectrophotometric Methods	p. 165
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry	p. 166
Chemiluminescence	p. 166
Voltammetry	p. 167
Radioisotope Dilution	p. 167
Lanthanum	p. 167
Lead	p. 168
Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy	p. 168
Flow Injection Analysis	p. 168
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry	p. 168
Anodic Stripping Voltammetry	p. 172
Mass Spectrometry	p. 174
Miscellaneous	p. 174
Lithium	p. 174
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry	p. 174
Gel Permeation Chromatography	p. 174
Neutron Activation Analysis	p. 174
Lutetium	p. 175
Magnesium	p. 175
Gravimetric Method	p. 175
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry	p. 175
Manganese	p. 175
Spectrophotometric Methods	p. 176
Spectrofluorometric Method	p. 177
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry	p. 177
Polarography	p. 180
Neutron Activation Analysis	p. 180
Mercury	p. 180
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry	p. 180
Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry	p. 184
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry	p. 184
Atomic Emission Spectrometry	p. 184
Colloid Flotation	p. 184
Miscellaneous	p. 186
Molybdenum	p. 186
Spectrophotometric Methods	p. 186
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry	p. 187
Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry	p. 188
Electrochemical Methods	p. 188
X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry	p. 189
Miscellaneous	p. 189
Neodymium	p. 189
Neptunium	p. 190
Nickel	p. 190
Spectrophotometric Method	p. 190
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry	p. 190
Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry	p. 191
Liquid Scintillation Counting	p. 192
Osmium	p. 192
Resonance Ionisation Mass Spectrometry	p. 192
Palladium	p. 192
Platinum	p. 192
Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry	p. 192
Plutonium	p. 192
Polonium	p. 193
Potassium	p. 193
Titration	p. 193
Polarography	p. 193
Ion-Selective Electrodes	p. 194
Praseodymium	p. 194
Promethium	p. 194
Radium	p. 194
Rare Earths	p. 194
Cerium	p. 194
Praseodymium	p. 195
Neodymium	p. 195
Promethium	p. 195
Samarium	p. 195
Europium	p. 196
Gadolinium	p. 196
Terbium	p. 196
Dysprosium	p. 196
Holmium	p. 196
Erbium	p. 196
Thulium	p. 196
Ytterbium	p. 196
Lutetium	p. 196
Analysisof Rare Earth Mixtures	p. 197
Rhenium	p. 199
Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry	p. 199
Neutron Activation Analysis	p. 200
Rubidium	p. 200
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry	p. 200
Spectrometry	p. 201
Mass Spectrometry	p. 201
X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy	p. 201
Ruthenium	p. 201
Samarium	p. 201
Scandium	p. 201
Selenium	p. 201
Spectrophotometry	p. 202
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry	p. 202
Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrometry	p. 202
Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry	p. 202
Gas Chromatography	p. 203
Neutron Activation Analysis	p. 203
Silver	p. 203
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry	p. 203
Neutron Activation Analysis	p. 204
Sodium	p. 204
Amperometry	p. 204
Polarimetry	p. 204
Strontium	p. 205
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry	p. 205
Technetium	p. 205
Tellurium	p. 205
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry	p. 205
Terbium	p. 206
Thallium	p. 206
Thorium	p. 206
Thermal Ion Mass Spectrometry	p. 206
Neutron Activation Analysis	p. 206
Thulium	p. 207
Tin	p. 207
Spectrophotometric Method	p. 207
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry	p. 207
Gas Chromatography	p. 207
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography	p. 209
Anodic Stripping Voltammetry	p. 210
Miscellaneous	p. 211
Titanium	p. 211
Spectrophotometric Method	p. 211
Tungsten	p. 211
Uranium	p. 211
Spectrophotometric Method	p. 211
Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry	p. 211
Polarography	p. 212
Miscellaneous	p. 212
Vanadium	p. 213
Spectrophotometric Method	p. 213
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry	p. 213
Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry	p. 214
Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry	p. 214
Neutron Activation Analysis	p. 214
Ytterbium	p. 215
Yttrium	p. 215
Zinc	p. 215
Spectrofluorometric Method	p. 216
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry	p. 216
Flow Injection Analysis	p. 217
Stripping Voltammetry	p. 217
Miscellaneous	p. 218
Zirconium	p. 218
Multication Analysis	p. 218
Titration Procedures	p. 218
Spectrophotometric Procedure	p. 219
Molecular Photoluminescence Spectrometry	p. 219
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry	p. 220
Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry	p. 223
Zeeman Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry	p. 231
Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrometry	p. 233
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry	p. 240
Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry	p. 244
Plasma Emission Spectrometry	p. 248
Anodic Stripping Voltammetry	p. 248
Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry	p. 259
Chronopotentiometry	p. 260
X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry	p. 261
Neutron Activation Analysis	p. 262
Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry	p. 268
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography	p. 271
Metal Speciation	p. 271
Metal Preconcentration	p. 285
Miscellaneous	p. 288
References	p. 288
Cations in Estuary, Bay, and Coastal Waters	p. 313
Ammonium	p. 313
Arsenic	p. 314
Hydride Generation Atomic Spectrometry	p. 314
Barium	p. 314
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry	p. 314
Cadmium	p. 315
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry	p. 315
Calciumand Magnesium	p. 316
Copper	p. 316
Titration Procedure	p. 316
Anodic Stripping Voltammetry	p. 316
Mercury	p. 317
Miscellaneous	p. 317
Manganese	p. 318
Polarography	p. 318
Selenium	p. 318
Hydride Generation Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry	p. 318
Tin	p. 318
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography	p. 318
Multication Analysis	p. 319
Heavy Metals,Isotope Dilution,Spark Source Mass Spectrometry, and Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry	p. 319
Anodic Stripping Voltammetry	p. 322
Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry	p. 322
Emission Spectrometry	p. 323
Hydride Generation Atomic Spectrometry	p. 323
Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry	p. 323
Preconcentration Techniques	p. 324
Speciation	p. 325
References	p. 325
Radioactive Elements	p. 329
Naturally Occurring Cations	p. 329
Actinium	p. 329
Poloniumand Lead	p. 329
Radium	p. 331
Radium, Barium, and Radon	p. 331
Radium, Thorium, and Lead	p. 332
⁹⁹Technetium	p. 333
Thorium	p. 333
Bromide	p. 335
Phosphate	p. 335
Fallout Productsand Nuclear Plant Emissions	p. 336
Americiumand Plutonium	p. 336
¹³⁷Caesium	p. 336
⁶⁰Cobalt	p. 338
⁵⁵Iron	p. 338
⁵⁴Manganese	p. 338
²³⁷Neptunium	p. 339
Plutonium	p. 339
¹⁰⁶Rutheniumand Osmium	p. 341
⁹⁰Strontium	p. 341
Uranium	p. 342
Miscellaneous	p. 344
References	p. 344
Sample Preparation Prior to Analysis for Organics	p. 349
Soluble Componentsof Seawater	p. 350
Reverse Osmosis	p. 350
Freeze Drying	p. 350
Freezing-Out Methods	p. 351
Froth Flotation	p. 351
Solvent Extraction	p. 351
Coprecipitation Techniques	p. 353
Adsorption Techniques	p. 354
Volatile Compoundsof Seawater	p. 355
Gas Stripping	p. 355
Headspace Analysis	p. 357
Fractionation	p. 358
Chemical Pretreatmentof Organics	p. 361
References	p. 362
Organic Compounds	p. 365
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons	p. 366
Spectrofluorometry	p. 366
Dynamic Headspace Analysis	p. 366
Raman Spectroscopy	p. 368
Flow Calorimetry	p. 368
Aromatic Hydrocarbons	p. 368
Spectrofluorometry	p. 368
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)	p. 369
Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons	p. 369
Oil Spills	p. 370
Spectrofluorometry	p. 370
Infrared Spectroscopy	p. 371
Gas Chromatography	p. 373
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)	p. 375
Miscellaneous	p. 377
Carboxylic Acids and Hydroxy Acids	p. 377
Spectrophotometric Method	p. 377
Gas Chromatography	p. 377
Liquid Chromatography	p. 378
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS)	p. 379
Diffusion Method	p. 379
Ketones and Aldehydes	p. 380
Spectrophotometric Method, Fluorometric and Chemiluminescence Methods	p. 380
Potential Sweep Voltammetry	p. 380
Gas Chromatography	p. 381
Phenols	p. 381
Spectrophotometric Methods	p. 381
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)	p. 382
Phthalate Esters	p. 382
Carbohydrates	p. 382
Spectrophotometry	p. 382
Enzymic Methods	p. 384
Liquid Chromatography	p. 384
Gas Chromatography	p. 385
Miscellaneous	p. 385
Cationic Surfactants	p. 386
Titration Method	p. 386
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS)	p. 386
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)	p. 386
Anionic Surfactants	p. 386
Titration	p. 386
Spectrophotometry	p. 387
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS)	p. 387
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)	p. 388
Non-Ionic Surfactants	p. 388
Spectrophotometry	p. 388
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS)	p. 389
Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS)	p. 389
Aliphatic Chloro Compounds	p. 390
Gas Chromatography	p. 390
Purgeand Trap Analysis	p. 390
Head Space Analysis	p. 391
Miscellaneous	p. 392
Volatile Organic Compounds	p. 392
Head Space Analysis	p. 392
Stripping Methods	p. 393
Mass Spectrometry	p. 393
Chlorinated Dioxins	p. 393
Nitrogen Compounds	p. 393
Spectrofluorometry	p. 394
Proteinsand Peptides	p. 397
Nucleic Acids	p. 397
Enzyme Activity	p. 398
Aliphaticand Aromatic Amines	p. 398
Nitro-Compounds	p. 399
Azarenes	p. 400
Urea	p. 400
Hydroxylamine	p. 400
Acrylamide	p. 400
Ethylene Diamine Tetracetic Acidand Nitriloacetic Acid	p. 401
Sulfur Compounds	p. 401
Alkyl Sulfides and Disulfides	p. 401
Thiols	p. 402
Dimethyl Sulfoxide	p. 402
Thiabend Azole	p. 402
Cysteineand Cystine	p. 403
Miscellaneous	p. 403
Chlorinated Insecticides	p. 403
Gas Chromatography	p. 403
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography	p. 404
Polychlorobiphenyls	p. 404
Gas Spectrofluorometry	p. 405
Gas Chromatography	p. 405
Column Chromatography	p. 408
Miscellaneous	p. 409
Organophosphorus Compounds	p. 409
Spectrophotometric Method	p. 409
Gas Chromatography	p. 410
Enzymatic Methods	p. 410
X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry	p. 411
Azine Herbicides	p. 411
Gas Chromatography	p. 411
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)	p. 411
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)	p. 411
Diuron, Irgalol, Chlorothalonil	p. 412
Lipids	p. 412
Sterols	p. 413
Chelators	p. 415
Humic Materialsand Plant Pigments	p. 416
Vitamins	p. 423
Cobalamin	p. 423
Pectenotoxins	p. 423
Flavins	p. 426
Microcystine	p. 426
Preconcentrationof Organics	p. 426
References	p. 426
Organometallic Compounds	p. 443
Organoarsenic Compounds	p. 443
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry	p. 444
Spectrophotometric Method	p. 445
Miscellaneous Methods	p. 446
Organocadmium Compounds	p. 446
Anodic Scanning Voltammetry	p. 446
Organocopper Compounds	p. 446
Organolead Compounds	p. 447
Organomercury Compounds	p. 447
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry	p. 450
Gas Chromatography	p. 452
Miscellaneous	p. 454
Organothallium Compounds	p. 454
Organotin Compounds	p. 455
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry	p. 455
Gas Chromatography	p. 456
Hydride Generation Gas Chromatography-Microwave Induced Atomic Emission Spectrometry (HGGC-MIAES)	p. 459
Thermal Desorption-Gas Chromatography-Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (TDGC-ICPMS)	p. 460
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography	p. 461
Miscellaneous	p. 461
References	p. 462
Elemental Analysis	p. 467
Boron	p. 467
Total Iodine	p. 467
Organic Nitrogen	p. 468
Organic Phosphorus	p. 470
Silicon	p. 471
Total Sulfur	p. 471
Carbon Functions	p. 472
Dissolved Organic Carbon	p. 472
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon	p. 487
Particulate Organic Carbon	p. 489
Dissolved Organic Carbon	p. 490
Chemical Oxygen Demand	p. 493
Biochemical Demand	p. 496
Oxygen Isotopic Ratios	p. 498
References	p. 498
Subject Index	p. 505
Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved.

Analysis of Seawater

A Guide for the Analytical and Environmental Chemist

At a Glance

Hardcover

Industry Reviews

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