| Preface and acknowledgments | p. ix |
| Property, justification, and evaluation | p. 1 |
| Problems of justification and evaluation | p. 1 |
| A solution | p. 3 |
| Foundations | p. 9 |
| Property rights and personal rights | |
| Understanding property | p. 15 |
| Popular and sophisticated conceptions of property | p. 15 |
| Hohfeld's vocabulary and its limitations | p. 17 |
| The idea of property | p. 22 |
| Expectations | p. 28 |
| A misguided enterprise? | p. 31 |
| Persons and their bodies | p. 37 |
| Body rights | p. 37 |
| Body rights as limited property rights | p. 41 |
| Personal rights and property rights | p. 44 |
| From self-ownership to world-ownership? | p. 56 |
| From individuals to social context | |
| Incorporation and projection | p. 61 |
| Nature of the inquiry | p. 61 |
| Extension by incorporation | p. 63 |
| Embodiment by projection | p. 67 |
| Two transcendental features | p. 71 |
| Intention and convention | p. 75 |
| Agency, stability, and expectations | p. 79 |
| Property and personality | p. 81 |
| Control, privacy, and individuality | p. 88 |
| Private property and excludability | p. 88 |
| Control, privacy, and individuality | p. 90 |
| Problems of distribution | p. 98 |
| Charity and welfare | p. 110 |
| An impasse? | p. 117 |
| Property and moral character | p. 120 |
| Four claims | p. 120 |
| Virtues, vices, and moral character | p. 121 |
| From moral to political theory | p. 125 |
| Republicanism, virtue, and commercial society | p. 138 |
| Moral character and economic systems | p. 142 |
| Property and moral ideals | p. 145 |
| Alienation, exploitation, and power | p. 148 |
| The program | p. 148 |
| Property as an attribute of societies and persons | p. 149 |
| Marx on alienation | p. 157 |
| Alienation and exploitation | p. 169 |
| Problems of production | p. 174 |
| Property and power | p. 178 |
| Social life, economic options, and theory | p. 181 |
| Justification and distributive equity | |
| Utility and efficiency | p. 191 |
| Distributive equity | p. 191 |
| The utilitarian tradition | p. 193 |
| A principle of utility | p. 196 |
| Efficiency | p. 198 |
| A combined principle of utility and efficiency | p. 202 |
| Utility, efficiency, and property | p. 206 |
| Preferences and expectations | p. 221 |
| Can utility and efficiency account for rights of private property? | p. 224 |
| Justice and equality | p. 227 |
| The principle | p. 227 |
| Strict equality | p. 230 |
| A Rawlsian conception of equal property | p. 233 |
| The floor thesis | p. 241 |
| The gap thesis | p. 247 |
| Labor and desert | p. 254 |
| Overview | p. 254 |
| The initial labor theory | p. 256 |
| The revised labor theory | p. 266 |
| Understanding the revised labor theory | p. 285 |
| Assessing the significance of the revised labor theory | p. 289 |
| Conflict and resolution | p. 292 |
| Pluralism and conflict | p. 292 |
| The frequency and varieties of conflicts | p. 297 |
| Logical consistency, moral realism, and theory acceptance | p. 304 |
| Guidelines for application | p. 310 |
| Applications | |
| Business corporations | p. 317 |
| The itinerary | p. 317 |
| Efficiency, utility, and the separation of ownership and control | p. 320 |
| Toward a comprehensive view of ownership and control | p. 346 |
| Standards of corporate behavior | p. 357 |
| Ownership, control, and corporate standards in a regime of public ownership | p. 368 |
| Coda | p. 378 |
| Gratuitous transfers | p. 380 |
| Taxation and redistribution | p. 380 |
| Wealth inequality and its causes | p. 383 |
| Justifying the reduction of inequalities of wealth | p. 395 |
| A plan for reducing inequalities of wealth | p. 403 |
| More charges of adverse impact | p. 411 |
| A moral and political theory of takings | p. 419 |
| Takings and taxings | p. 419 |
| An approach to the moral and political problem | p. 422 |
| Utility, efficiency, and takings | p. 425 |
| The impact of labor-desert and justice and equality | p. 435 |
| Takings and the constitution | p. 442 |
| Some traditional judicial tests | p. 442 |
| Some other academic approaches | p. 448 |
| Toward a new constitutional perspective | p. 456 |
| Applications | p. 460 |
| Reprise | p. 468 |
| Table of cases | p. 471 |
| Index of names | p. 473 |
| Index of subjects | p. 481 |
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