| Preface and acknowledgements | p. xv |
| Reproductive biology | |
| Fertility and infertility | p. 3 |
| Health determinants | p. 3 |
| Infertility: the price of excess fecundity? | p. 6 |
| Medical techniques for assisted reproduction | p. 11 |
| Surrogate parenthood | p. 17 |
| Sex determination and gamete maturation | p. 21 |
| Our origins | p. 21 |
| Sexual differentiation | p. 22 |
| Pseudohermaphroditism | p. 29 |
| Gametogenesis and maturation | p. 29 |
| Differentiation of sexual behaviour | p. 36 |
| Hormonal control of brain differentiation | p. 38 |
| Neuroendocrine control of puberty | p. 41 |
| The phases of puberty | p. 42 |
| Gonadal function during puberty | p. 43 |
| The adrenarche | p. 45 |
| The neuroendocrine control of puberty: an overview | p. 46 |
| Adolescent sexuality: behavioural aspects | p. 50 |
| Light, soltriol and reproduction | p. 51 |
| Control of the menstrual cycle | p. 54 |
| Gross anatomy | p. 55 |
| Steroid hormones | p. 58 |
| Pathways of steroid biosynthesis | p. 60 |
| Mechanism of ovulation | p. 65 |
| Mechanism of menstrual bleeding | p. 68 |
| Premenstrual syndrome | p. 69 |
| Historical attitudes to menstruation | p. 71 |
| The testis and control of spermatogenesis | p. 74 |
| Gross anatomy | p. 74 |
| The spermatogenic cycle | p. 76 |
| Sertoli cells and the Sertoli cell barrier | p. 78 |
| Leydig cells and the interstitial tissue | p. 81 |
| Testosterone biosynthesis, transport and metabolism | p. 81 |
| Spermatogenesis | p. 83 |
| Temperature and spermatogenesis | p. 87 |
| Maturation of spermatozoa | p. 88 |
| Immunology of spermatogenesis | p. 88 |
| Accessory sex glands: the formation and functions of seminal plasma | p. 89 |
| Common modifiers of steroid hormone secretion and fertility | p. 90 |
| Sexual behaviour and pheromones | p. 94 |
| The human male | p. 96 |
| The human female | p. 97 |
| Mate choice: conscious or unconscious? | p. 98 |
| Types of communication | p. 99 |
| Pheromones and mammalian reproduction | p. 99 |
| Pheromones in the rodent | p. 102 |
| Possible origins of a personal pheromone: the involvement of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) | p. 104 |
| Overview | p. 109 |
| Sociobiology and reproductive success | p. 113 |
| Strategies of reproduction | p. 114 |
| Evidence of strategies favouring sperm competition | p. 116 |
| The biological basis of female choice | p. 122 |
| The biological basis of parenting | p. 122 |
| The biological basis of altruism and aggression | p. 124 |
| Fertilization and the initiation of development | p. 126 |
| Preconceptual care | p. 126 |
| Sperm migration | p. 128 |
| Ovum 'pick-up' and survival | p. 130 |
| Sperm capacitation and the acrosome reaction | p. 132 |
| Fusion and ovum activation | p. 133 |
| Early embryogenesis | p. 135 |
| Maternal recognition of pregnancy | p. 140 |
| Genomic imprinting | p. 142 |
| Maternal physiology during gestation and fetal development | p. 146 |
| The placenta as a maternal-fetal interface | p. 146 |
| The placenta as an endocrine organ | p. 156 |
| Nutrient utilization during gestation | p. 159 |
| Parturition and lactation: hormonal control | p. 165 |
| Parturition | p. 165 |
| Uterine contractions and cervical ripening | p. 166 |
| Hormonal effects on the myometrium and the cervix | p. 168 |
| Overview | p. 172 |
| Lactation | p. 174 |
| Storage of milk within the mammary gland | p. 174 |
| Lactogenesis | p. 177 |
| The milk-ejection reflex | p. 179 |
| Lactation and nutrition | p. 181 |
| Parental behaviour and the physiology of the neonate | p. 185 |
| The period of gestation | p. 185 |
| The physical adaptation of the newborn to extrauterine life | p. 187 |
| The significance of low birthweight and associated risk factors | p. 193 |
| Sudden infant death syndrome, maternal drug abuse and IUGR | p. 195 |
| The privilege of reproduction: individual and collective responsibility | p. 197 |
| Adaptation to motherhood | p. 198 |
| Decline in male reproduction and the menopause | p. 205 |
| Neuroendocrine control of senescence: animal experiments | p. 206 |
| Reproductive senescence in men | p. 208 |
| Reproductive senescence in women | p. 210 |
| Postmenopausal phenomena | p. 215 |
| Sex steroid hormone replacement therapy | p. 219 |
| Reproduction and social issues | |
| Population dynamics, stress and the general theory of adaptation | p. 225 |
| Demography and stress: adaptation and stress | p. 225 |
| The link between population density and reproduction | p. 228 |
| Common modifiers of the strees response | p. 234 |
| Demography and stress: hormonal factors | p. 237 |
| Biochemical aspects of the general adaptation syndrome | p. 237 |
| Stress and aggression: a view from sociobiology | p. 239 |
| The energetics of fertility: ethical considerations | p. 241 |
| Where does the limit lie? | p. 244 |
| How to cope with our individual limit | p. 246 |
| Extinctions and the conservation of endangered species | p. 249 |
| 'Survival of the fittest' | p. 249 |
| Endangered animals and the phenomenon of species extinction | p. 250 |
| The value of genetic diversity | p. 253 |
| Conservation | p. 255 |
| The present situation | p. 261 |
| Conservation by managemen t | p. 262 |
| Tactics of conservation | p. 266 |
| Artificial control of fertility | p. 274 |
| Historical perspective | p. 274 |
| New approaches to fertility regulation | p. 279 |
| The prevention of the formation or release of gametes | p. 280 |
| The prevention of fertilization | p. 292 |
| The prevention of implantation or development of the early embryo | p. 298 |
| Overview | p. 305 |
| Hormonal contributions to errors of sexual differentiation | p. 307 |
| Exposure to synthetic hormonally active agents | p. 308 |
| Exposure to naturally occurring biologically active compounds | p. 314 |
| The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic: a global emergency | p. 320 |
| Historical background | p. 320 |
| HIV and the immune system: pathogenic properties and evolutionary considerations | p. 324 |
| Body fluids and infection | p. 326 |
| Antiviral drugs and chemotherapy | p. 328 |
| The search for a vaccine | p. 330 |
| HIV infection during pregnancy | p. 331 |
| Strategies for the prevention and control of AIDS | p. 333 |
| Adolescent sexuality | p. 335 |
| The effect of nutrition and exercise on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis | p. 338 |
| Nutrition and the menstrual cycle | p. 338 |
| Food restriction in the female rat | p. 339 |
| Food restriction in the human | p. 341 |
| Eating disorders | p. 342 |
| The relationship between hyperactivity and food supply | p. 344 |
| Women and exercise: modern trends | p. 346 |
| Men and exercise | p. 347 |
| Pregnancy and exercise | p. 349 |
| Principles of teratology and an update on nicotine, ethanol and caffeine abuse | p. 353 |
| Developmental toxicology | p. 353 |
| Teratogenesis | p. 354 |
| The critical phase of intrauterine development | p. 357 |
| Teratogenicity: ethical and legal considerations | p. 359 |
| The biochemistry and physiology of drug abuse | p. 361 |
| Nicotine | p. 361 |
| Ethanol | p. 367 |
| Caffeine | p. 370 |
| Overview | p. 374 |
| Ethical aspects of human reproductive biology | p. 376 |
| Social impact of the reproductive revolution | p. 376 |
| History of the bioethics movement | p. 379 |
| Bioethics committees in practice | p. 381 |
| Ethical principles of health care | p. 385 |
| Index | p. 389 |
| Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved. |
