A Grammar of Gaagudju

By: Mark Harvey

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Hardcover | 24 September 2002

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516 Pages

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22

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17

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23.0 x 15.5 x 3.18

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Gaagudju is a previously undescribed and now nearly extinct language of northern Australia. This grammar provides an overall description of the language. Australian languages generally show a high degree of structural similarity to one another. Gaagudju conforms to some of the common Australian patterns, yet diverges significantly from others. Thus while it has a standard Australian phonological inventory, its prosodic systems differ from those of most Australian languages, with stressed and unstressed syllables showing marked differences in realisation.

Like many northern languages, it has complex systems of both prefixation and suffixation to nominals and verbs. Prefixation provides information about nominal classification (4 classes), mood, and pronominal cross-reference (Subjects, Objects, and Indirect Objects). Suffixation provides information about case, tense, and aspect. As in many languages, there is a clear distinction between productive and unproductive morphology. Gaagudju differs from most Australian languages in that a considerable amount of its morphology is unproductive, showing complex and irregular allomorphic variation.

Gaagudju is like most Australian languages in that it may be described as a free word order language. However, word order is not totally free and strictly ordered phrasal compounding structures are significant (e.g. in the formation of denominal verbs).

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Non-Fiction Sociology & Anthropology Anthropology Social & Cultural Anthropology, Ethnography Language & Linguistics Linguistics Grammar, Syntax & Morphology Psycholinguistics Language Learning & Teaching Language Teaching & Learning Material & Coursework Grammar, Vocabulary & Pronunciation

Acknowledgements	p. v
List of Tables, Figures and Maps	p. xi
Abbreviations	p. xii
Language owners and speakers	p. 1
Location and contact history of Gaagudju language owners and speakers	p. 1
Previous work	p. 5
Consultants	p. 6
Languages spoken in the area	p. 9
Linguistics relationships of Gaagudju	p. 15
Segmental phonology	p. 17
Phonemic inventory and orthography	p. 17
Palatals	p. 18
Glottal stop	p. 20
Phonological variation and phonological analysis	p. 21
Consonantal variation and contrasts	p. 23
Length and voicing in stops	p. 23
Apical contrasts	p. 25
Retroflexion	p. 26
Lenition and fortition of the apicals	p. 28
Lateral stopping	p. 31
Lenition of the velar stop	p. 33
Lenition of the palatal stop	p. 40
Lenition of the velar nasal	p. 42
Palatal continuant	p. 43
Labial continuant	p. 47
Vocalic variation and contrasts	p. 49
Vowel contrasts	p. 49
Vowel grade	p. 50
Vowel length and stress	p. 51
Intonation	p. 53
Placement and history of stress	p. 55
Realisation patterns of the long vowels	p. 64
Realisation patterns of short vowels	p. 73
Schwa realisations	p. 76
High front vowel realisations	p. 80
Mid back vowel realisations	p. 85
Overview and history of vowel realisations	p. 87
Reduction of unstressed syllables at word boundaries	p. 91
Phonotactics and morphophonology	p. 93
Affixation, clisis, and phonological words	p. 93
Syllable structures	p. 100
Morpheme initial and final segments	p. 101
Morpheme-medial consonant clusters and intervocalic onsets	p. 102
Inter-morphemic biconsonantal clusters	p. 106
Homorganic nasal-stop clusters	p. 113
Triconsonantal clusters	p. 122
Nominals	p. 126
Parts of speech	p. 126
Nominal parts-of-speech	p. 127
Nominal compounding and derivation	p. 131
Nominal reduplication	p. 142
Adjectives and gender marked nouns	p. 144
Noun class membership	p. 148
Agreement superclassing	p. 153
Personal pronouns	p. 157
Base and prominence pronoun paradigms	p. 161
-yirri 'self' and -gaduwa 'alone' pronoun paradigms	p. 163
Kin nouns and kinship terminology	p. 166
Demonstratives	p. 177
Definite demonstratives	p. 177
Indefinite/interrogative demonstratives	p. 187
The history of noun class marking	p. 194
Locationals	p. 201
Temporals	p. 204
Verbs	p. 207
Verbal predicate structures	p. 207
The verbal complex	p. 209
Compound verbs	p. 211
Derived compound verbs	p. 216
Unproductive phrasal verbs	p. 218
The prefix complex	p. 223
The directional prefixes	p. 226
ga- 'here'	p. 226
ba- 'there'	p. 228
Pronominal prefixes	p. 231
Conjugational groupings	p. 235
Tense, aspect, and mood categories	p. 236
Past perfective and past imperfective	p. 241
Past irrealis	p. 246
Present	p. 248
Future and evitative	p. 250
Hortative	p. 252
Positive imperative	p. 254
Clitics and phrasal compounds	p. 259
Clitics	p. 259
Argument marking	p. 260
Indirect object clitics	p. 261
Dative and locative clitics	p. 263
Quantification	p. 268
Number clitics	p. 268
Unit augmented clitics	p. 269
Augmented clitics	p. 273
Number marking in transitive verbs	p. 280
geegirr 'all'	p. 284
Cardinal and ordinal numerals	p. 286
Reference and scope of the number clitics	p. 290
=goodo durative	p. 293
The ordering of clitics	p. 295
Phrasal compound structures	p. 296
Inchoatives and new verbal predicates	p. 296
Misfortune ascriptives with warra 'to die, to suffer'	p. 299
Incorporation	p. 300
Malefactives	p. 307
Part-whole relationships	p. 310
Syntax	p. 315
Word order, proposition classes and clause types	p. 315
The noun phrase	p. 315
Negation	p. 320
Negative imperatives	p. 323
Indicative verbal negation	p. 324
Nominal negation	p. 329
Grammatical relations	p. 333
Lexicalised cross-reference patterns	p. 339
Transitivity	p. 349
Detransitivisation	p. 350
Detransitivisers	p. 354
Causatives	p. 357
Ascriptive, equational and existential propositions	p. 358
Possessive propositions	p. 367
Interclausal Relations	p. 369
Subordination	p. 371
Sequential and evitative relationships	p. 373
Causal relationships	p. 376
Particles	p. 379
Appendices	p. 386
Nominals and particles: Gaagudju - English	p. 386
Verbs: Gaagudju - English	p. 404
English - Gaagudju finderlist for nominals and particles	p. 468
English - Gaagudju finderlist for verbs	p. 477
Mandanenj gerramaana, the crying orphan story	p. 481
References	p. 486
Author index	p. 490
Land and language index	p. 491
Subject index	p. 493
Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved.

A Grammar of Gaagudju

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