A powerful guide for applying brain research for more effective instruction The Brain-Targeted Teaching Model for 21st Century Schools serves as a bridge between research and practice by providing a cohesive, proven, and usable model of effective instruction. Compatible with other professional development programs, this model shows how to apply relevant research from educational and cognitive neuroscience to classroom settings through a pedagogical framework. The model's six components are: (1) Establish the emotional connection to learning (2) Develop the physical learning environment (3) Design the learning experience (4) Teach for the mastery of content, skills, and concepts (5) Teach for the extension and application of knowledge (6) Evaluate learning Mariale Hardiman presents this model with the educator in mind and offers practical steps for using it to inform instruction and teach 21st century skills. Her valuable road map will help you achieve improved outcomes for your students and better collaborative professional practices in your school.
"This book will encourage many educators to teach 21st century students via 21st century policies and practices that are grounded in the dramatic advances occurring in the cognitive neurosciences." -- Robert Sylwester, Emeritus Professor of Education and Author of "A Child's Brain: The Need for Nurture" 20110610 "Teachers will find the content valuable and can implement the Brain-Targeting Teaching concept very easily." -- Steve Hutton, School Improvement Specialist 20110610 "Mariale Hardiman offers a unique model that teachers can use to assess the extent to which they are considering brain-friendly concepts when they plan their lessons." -- David Sousa, Consultant in Educational Neuroscience and Author of "How the Brain Learns" 20110610 "The emphasis on integrating the arts with content areas is timely and welcome. An additional strength are the examples from 'expert teachers' which show how the model can be implemented while addressing curriculum standards." -- Jacqueline LaRose, Assistant Professor of Education 20110610 "This book provides a teacher-friendly model that teachers can use to establish student-friendly classroom environments and effective teaching strategies and activities." -- Darla Mallein, Director of Secondary Social Sciences Education 20110610 "The Brain-Targeted Teaching Model for 21st Century Schools has much to offer all educators. The book contains a wealth of knowledge from cognitive and neuroscience and presents it in a way that is accurate and accessible. Hardiman's work creates a vision of education in which scientific discoveries about thinking and learning are taken full advantage of." -- Jay N. Giedd, Chief of Brain Imaging Unit 20110728 "Few educators bring Dr. Hardiman's ability, experience, and scholarliness to the increasingly rich exchange between educators and neuroscientists. She has succinctly synthesized a large body of information into a must-read for educators, researchers, and anyone else interested in how neuroscience and cognitive science can make a difference in the classroom." -- Kenneth S. Kosik, MD, Harriman Professor of Neuroscience 20110729 "Hardiman's book provides a practical way for educators to operationalize theoretical principles, and teach in a way that can effectively engage students on different and meaningful levels. The research and strategies presented in this book emphasize the very important notion of supporting students' personal, social, and academic development and achievement." -- Fay E. Brown, Director of Child and Adolescent Development 20110729 "One of the central components of Hardiman's remarkable book is creativity-the ability to generate something new. Promoting the development of this unique attribute is critically important for the success of our students, and I applaud Dr. Hardiman for showing that neuroscience can and should inform the process of education." -- Charles J. Limb, MD, Associate Professor 20110729 "This book is a tour de force, providing not only a comprehensive understanding of cognitive and neuroscience research, but also a well-constructed model providing teachers with the practical tools they need to integrate it into their classrooms. Dr. Hardiman has become a leading authority in the emerging field of Neuroeducation." -- Paula Tallal, Board of Govenors Professor of Neuroscience 20110831 "Dr. Hardiman provides clear explanations of what is currently known about the functions of the human brain, along with practical examples of ways to apply these understandings in the classroom. With this book she offers a significant contribution to the field of education." -- Dee Dickinson, Founder 20110901 "Dr. Hardiman's Brain-Targeted Teaching Model is one of the most powerful and research-based methods of achieving greater learning retention-its focus on the arts and creative problem-solving moves teaching from traditional 'drill and kill' methods to one that engages students for the demands of 21st century teaching and learning." -- Linda Casto, Advisory Board 20110901 "The Brain-Targeted teaching model has informed my teaching in so many ways. I love the model's infusion of the arts as the arts lend themselves to creative expression for all children. There is no question that the Brain-Targeted Teaching Model enhanced the quality of my teaching." -- Andrea Jackson, Fifth-Grade Teacher 20110901 "The Brain Targeted Teaching model provides a framework for teaching that makes sense not only in K-12 but also in higher education settings. I hope to continue spreading the word that higher education coursework can be significantly enhanced by using the tenets of Brain-Targeted Teaching." -- Vicky M. Krug, Assistant Professor 20110901 "Brain Targeted Teaching provides teachers with the structure to plan thoughtful, intentional, arts-integrated units. The clear explanation of neuro and cognitive research allows teachers to develop a connection between the research and best practices. Our school is very excited about using this book as our means of instructional practice." -- Jenifer Shaud, Founder 20110929
| List of Expert Teachers by Chapter | p. xi |
| Foreword | p. xiii |
| Preface | p. xvii |
| Acknowledgments | p. xxiii |
| About the Author | p. xxv |
| Introduction: The Emerging Field of Neuroeducation and 21st-century Schools | p. 1 |
| Information From the Neuro- and Cognitive Sciences That Educators Should Know: Separating Neuromyth From Neuroscience | p. 5 |
| Neuromyth in Education | p. 6 |
| Some of Us Are Left-Brained; Some of Us Are Right-Brained | p. 6 |
| Listening to Mozart Will Make Your Baby Smarter | p. 7 |
| After Critical Periods of Development, Learning Shuts Down | p. 8 |
| We Only Use 10% of Our Brain | p. 9 |
| Teachers Should Assess and Teach to Each Child's Learning Style | p. 10 |
| We Are Born With All the Brain Cells We Will Ever Have | p. 11 |
| Important Themes From the Neuro- and Cognitive Sciences That Educators Should Know | p. 11 |
| Plasticity | p. 11 |
| Neurogenesis | p. 11 |
| Emotion and Stress | p. 12 |
| The Role of Attention in Learning | p. 12 |
| Executive Function | p. 13 |
| The Importance of Movement and Learning | p. 13 |
| Arts and Learning | p. 13 |
| Adolescents, Sleep, and Learning | p. 14 |
| Creativity | p. 15 |
| Brain Structure and Function | p. 17 |
| Brain Facts | p. 17 |
| Brain Cells: Neurons and Glial Cells | p. 18 |
| Cerebral Organization | p. 20 |
| Hemispheric Differences | p. 23 |
| From Research to Practice | p. 24 |
| The Brain-Targeted Teaching Model for 21st-Century Schools | p. 25 |
| Overview of the Brain-Targeted Teaching Model | p. 27 |
| Brain-Target One: Establishing the Emotional Climate for Learning | p. 27 |
| Brain-Target Two: Creating the Physical Learning Environment | p. 27 |
| Brain-Target Three: Designing the Learning Experience | p. 27 |
| Brain-Target Four: Teaching for Mastery of Content, Skills, and Concepts | p. 28 |
| Brain-Target Five: Teaching for the Extension and Application of Knowledge-Creativity and Innovation in Education | p. 28 |
| Brain-Target Six: Evaluating Learning | p. 29 |
| Brain-Targeted Teaching: Research to Practice | p. 29 |
| What Does a Brain-Targeted Teaching Unit Look Like in the Classroom? | p. 29 |
| Brain-Target One: Establishing the Emotional Climate for Learning | p. 33 |
| Neural Systems Underlying Emotion | p. 35 |
| How We Perceive Fear and Threat | p. 35 |
| Effects of Stress on Learning | p. 37 |
| Stress and School Environments | p. 38 |
| The Impact of Positive Emotions | p. 39 |
| Emotions and the Adolescent | p. 40 |
| Implementing Brain-Target One: Establishing the Emotional Climate for Learning | p. 41 |
| Strategies for Promoting a Positive Learning Environment | p. 41 |
| Emotional Connection to Learning Goals and Objectives | p. 52 |
| What Does a Brain-Targeted Teaching Unit Look Like in the Classroom? | p. 53 |
| Brain-Target Two: Creating the Physical Learning Environment | p. 59 |
| Attention and Novelty | p. 60 |
| The Effects of Environmental Features on Attention and Learning | p. 63 |
| Lighting in the Classroom | p. 63 |
| Sound in the Learning Environment | p. 64 |
| Scent in the Classroom | p. 67 |
| The Effects of Movement on Attention | p. 69 |
| Order and Beauty in the Classroom | p. 69 |
| What Does a Brain-Targeted Teaching Unit Look Like in the Classroom? | p. 71 |
| Brain-Target Three: Designing the Learning Experience | p. 79 |
| Cognitive Development and Big-Picture Thinking | p. 81 |
| Planning a Brain-Targeted Teaching Learning Unit | p. 82 |
| Instructional Decision-Making: Content Choices for Learning Goals and Objectives | p. 84 |
| Learning Activities | p. 84 |
| Evaluating Learning | p. 86 |
| Use of Graphic Organizers in the Brain-Targeted Teaching Model | p. 86 |
| What Does a Brain-Targeted Teaching Unit Look Like in the Classroom? | p. 91 |
| Brain-Target Four: Teaching for Mastery of Content, Skills, and Concepts | p. 95 |
| Learning and Memory | p. 96 |
| Types of Memory Processes | p. 97 |
| Neurobiology of Learning and Memory | p. 102 |
| Arts Integration for Mastery of Content, Skills, and Concepts | p. 103 |
| Repeated Rehearsal | p. 105 |
| Elaboration | p. 106 |
| Generation | p. 107 |
| Enactment | p. 108 |
| Production | p. 110 |
| Effort After Meaning | p. 111 |
| Pictorial Representation | p. 112 |
| Emotion and Memory | p. 114 |
| Pedagogical Strategies for Forming Strong Memories | p. 115 |
| Mnemonics | p. 115 |
| Desirable Difficulties | p. 116 |
| Chunking | p. 117 |
| Interleaving | p. 118 |
| Brain-Targeted Teaching Learning Units | p. 119 |
| What Does a Brain-Targeted Teaching Unit Look Like in the Classroom? | p. 119 |
| Brain-Target Five: Teaching for the Extension and Application of Knowledge-Creativity and Innovation in Education | p. 125 |
| Twenty-First Century Skills | p. 127 |
| Creativity and Innovation in the Classroom | p. 128 |
| What Do the Brain Sciences Tell Us About Higher-Order Thinking and Creativity? | p. 131 |
| Content Versus Process in the 21st-century Skills Movement | p. 135 |
| What Does This Mean for Teachers? | p. 137 |
| Brain- Target Five Activities | p. 139 |
| Brain-Target Five Summary | p. 140 |
| What Does a Brain-Targeted Teaching Unit Look Like in the Classroom? | p. 141 |
| Brain-Target Six: Evaluating Learning | p. 145 |
| Research to Practice: Evaluation to Enhance Learning | p. 146 |
| Frequent and Timely Feedback | p. 146 |
| Active Retrieval of Information | p. 149 |
| Spacing Effects | p. 151 |
| Multiple Kinds of Assessments | p. 153 |
| Portfolio Assessments | p. 154 |
| Student Journals | p. 155 |
| Performance Assessments | p. 156 |
| What Does a Brain-Targeted Teaching Unit Look Like in the Classroom? | p. 161 |
| Implementing Brain-Targeted Teaching in a School and Classroom | p. 169 |
| Brain-Targeted Teaching in the School: Getting Started | p. 170 |
| Instructional Leadership and Support | p. 171 |
| Rate Your Brain Targets | p. 174 |
| What Does a School Implementing Brain-Targeted Teaching Look Like? | p. 175 |
| Brain-Target One-Emotional Climate for Learning | p. 175 |
| Brain-Target Two-Physical Environment | p. 175 |
| Brain-Target Three-Learning Design | p. 176 |
| Brain-Target Four-Teaching for Mastery of Content, Skills, and Concepts | p. 176 |
| Brain-Target Five-Teaching for the Extension and Application of Knowledge: Creativity and Innovation in Education | p. 177 |
| Brain-Target Six-Evaluating Learning | p. 177 |
| Brain-Targeted Teaching in Teacher Preparation Programs: A Story From a Teacher Educator | p. 177 |
| Alignment of Brain-Targeted Teaching With Cognitive Taxonomies, Teaching Standards, and Learning Frameworks | p. 181 |
| Cognitive Taxonomies | p. 181 |
| Bloom's Taxonomy | p. 182 |
| Dimensions of Learning | p. 182 |
| Depth of Knowledge | p. 183 |
| Alignment With Brain-Targeted Teaching | p. 183 |
| Teaching Standards, and Teaching and Learning Frameworks | p. 183 |
| Interstate Teacher Assessment and Support Consortium (InTASC) Standards | p. 184 |
| Framework for Teaching | p. 184 |
| Universal Design for Learning (UDL) | p. 185 |
| Brain-Targeted Teaching Implementation Checklist | p. 189 |
| References | p. 197 |
| Index | p. 213 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
ISBN: 9781412991988
ISBN-10: 1412991986
Audience:
Professional
Format:
Paperback
Language:
English
Number Of Pages: 256
Published: 15th February 2012
Dimensions (cm): 25.3 x 18.0
x 1.9
Weight (kg): 0.538