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Given such problems as rejection, the interface between an implant and its human host is a critical area in biomaterials. Surfaces and Interfaces for Biomaterials summarizes the wealth of research on understanding the surface properties of biomaterials and the way they interact with human tissue.
The first part of the book reviews the way biomaterial surfaces form. Part Two then discusses ways of monitoring and characterizing surface structure and behavior. The final two parts of the book look at a range of "in vitro" and "in vivo" studies of the complex interactions between biomaterials and the body. Chapters cover such topics as bone and tissue regeneration, the role of interface interactions in biodegradable biomaterials, microbial biofilm formation, vascular tissue engineering and ways of modifying biomaterial surfaces to improve biocompatibility.
Surfaces and Interfaces for Biomaterials will be a standard work on how to understand and control surface processes in ensuring biomaterials are used successfully in medicine.
| Contributor contact details | p. xv |
| Preface | p. xxi |
| Forming methods | |
| Fundamental properties of surfaces | p. 3 |
| Introduction | p. 3 |
| Experimental considerations | p. 4 |
| Surface characteristics | p. 14 |
| Active sites and kinetics | p. 15 |
| Controlling crystal growth: semiconductor technology | p. 17 |
| Heterogeneous catalysis | p. 20 |
| Real surfaces: theoretical advances | p. 23 |
| Real surfaces: experimental approaches | p. 24 |
| Insight into the biological activity of surfaces | p. 25 |
| Conclusion | p. 27 |
| References | p. 27 |
| Control of polymeric biomaterial surfaces | p. 29 |
| Introduction | p. 29 |
| Preparation of polymers | p. 29 |
| The solid state and structure | p. 32 |
| Polymer-solvent interactions | p. 35 |
| The polymeric surface and surface-bulk difference | p. 38 |
| The general properties of a biomaterial surface | p. 39 |
| Modification of polymer surfaces | p. 40 |
| Surface analysis | p. 50 |
| Surface properties and biomaterials applications | p. 56 |
| Conclusion | p. 57 |
| References | p. 57 |
| Organic thin film architectures: fabrication and properties | p. 60 |
| Introduction | p. 60 |
| Established deposition methods | p. 61 |
| Molecular architectures | p. 65 |
| Molecular organization in thin films | p. 71 |
| Future trends | p. 78 |
| Further information | p. 79 |
| References | p. 79 |
| Membranes and permeable films | p. 83 |
| Introduction | p. 83 |
| Materials and applications | p. 83 |
| Membrane characterisation | p. 89 |
| Blood material contact | p. 92 |
| Biological events at the membrane and thin film blood interface | p. 93 |
| Improvement of biocompatibility | p. 99 |
| Conclusion | p. 99 |
| References | p. 100 |
| Stable use of biosensors at the sample interface | p. 103 |
| Introduction | p. 103 |
| Biosensor limitations | p. 104 |
| Biocompatibility | p. 105 |
| Materials interfacing strategy | p. 116 |
| Membrane systems used in biosensors | p. 119 |
| Microflows as surrogate, renewable barrier films | p. 138 |
| Microfluidics and biosensors | p. 140 |
| Conclusion | p. 146 |
| Acknowledgements | p. 147 |
| References | p. 147 |
| Micro- and nanoscale surface patterning techniques for localising biomolecules and cells: the essence of nanobiotechnology | p. 150 |
| Introduction | p. 150 |
| Lithographic patterning with photons, particles and scanning probes | p. 152 |
| Soft lithographic techniques | p. 158 |
| Colloidal-based fabrication techniques | p. 168 |
| Template-imprinted nanostructured surfaces | p. 169 |
| Conclusion | p. 169 |
| References | p. 171 |
| Measurement, monitoring and characterisation | |
| Surface spectroscopies | p. 183 |
| Introduction | p. 183 |
| Surfaces | p. 183 |
| Optical detection methods | p. 186 |
| Biomolecular interaction analysis | p. 190 |
| Conclusion | p. 196 |
| References | p. 197 |
| Surface microscopies | p. 200 |
| Introduction | p. 200 |
| Electron microscopies | p. 208 |
| Scanning probe microscopies | p. 211 |
| Optical microscopies | p. 218 |
| Future trends | p. 219 |
| Further information | p. 220 |
| References | p. 220 |
| Nanoindentation | p. 225 |
| Introduction | p. 225 |
| Instrumentation | p. 225 |
| Data analysis | p. 229 |
| Thin films and coatings | p. 235 |
| Hard biological materials | p. 236 |
| Soft biological materials | p. 240 |
| Conclusion | p. 241 |
| Further information | p. 242 |
| References | p. 242 |
| Surface plasmon resonance | p. 248 |
| Introduction | p. 248 |
| Surface plasmon resonance phenomenon | p. 249 |
| Surface functionalization | p. 257 |
| Applications | p. 261 |
| Conclusion | p. 264 |
| Acknowledgements | p. 265 |
| References | p. 265 |
| Ellipsometry for optical surface study applications | p. 271 |
| Introduction | p. 271 |
| History of ellipsometry and polarisation control | p. 278 |
| Fibre based polarisation modulated ellipsometry | p. 282 |
| A high birefringence fibre polarisation modulation ellipsometry | p. 285 |
| Future trends | p. 292 |
| Sources of further information | p. 292 |
| References | p. 294 |
| Neutron reflection | p. 299 |
| Introduction | p. 299 |
| Neutron reflection and deuterium labelling | p. 300 |
| Peptide interfacial assembly | p. 303 |
| Lysozyme adsorption: the effect of surface chemistry | p. 305 |
| Effect of size of globular proteins on their adsorption | p. 314 |
| Conclusion | p. 315 |
| Acknowledgements | p. 317 |
| References | p. 317 |
| Microgravimetry | p. 322 |
| Introduction | p. 322 |
| Quartz crystal microbalance technique | p. 322 |
| Analytical applications of QCM | p. 332 |
| Combination of QCM with other techniques | p. 355 |
| Acoustic/piezoelectric sensors | p. 357 |
| Future development of piezoelectric sensors | p. 359 |
| Thermal gravimetry | p. 360 |
| Non-QCM adsorption methods | p. 361 |
| Dynamic contact angle measurements | p. 362 |
| Conclusion | p. 366 |
| Acknowledgements | p. 366 |
| References | p. 366 |
| Surface interaction and in-vitro studies | |
| Interaction between biomaterials and cell tissues | p. 389 |
| Introduction | p. 389 |
| Surface properties of biomedical materials | p. 389 |
| Surface analyses of biomedical materials | p. 393 |
| Design for non-biofouling surface | p. 399 |
| How to connect tissues with biomaterials | p. 405 |
| Conclusion | p. 410 |
| References | p. 411 |
| Blood flow dynamics and surface interactions | p. 414 |
| Clinical application and problems of medical devices in contact with blood | p. 414 |
| Surface interactions of blood | p. 418 |
| Role of blood cells during flow: rolling of cells, effect of concentration of erythrocytes, expression of adhesive cell receptors | p. 422 |
| Biomaterial surface characteristics in relation to haemocompatibility and clinical applications | p. 423 |
| Haemocompatibility of metals, ceramics and polymers | p. 425 |
| Biological surface treatment to improve haemocompatibility | p. 427 |
| ISO 10993 requirements for testing of medical devices: simulation of clinical application including flow, blood composition, anticoagulants | p. 431 |
| Test models: static, low flow, arterial flow, pulsatile/laminar flow | p. 432 |
| Conclusion | p. 434 |
| References | p. 435 |
| Cell guidance through surface cues | p. 447 |
| Introduction | p. 447 |
| Surface functionalization | p. 451 |
| Patterning of chemical surface cues | p. 454 |
| Synaptic connections in patterned neuronal networks: communication along predefined pathways | p. 458 |
| Conclusion | p. 461 |
| References | p. 462 |
| Controlled cell deposition techniques | p. 465 |
| Introduction | p. 465 |
| In-vivo and in-vitro cell interactions | p. 466 |
| Two-dimensional controlled cell deposition techniques | p. 468 |
| Three-dimensional controlled cell deposition techniques | p. 480 |
| Future trends | p. 483 |
| Further information | p. 484 |
| References | p. 486 |
| Biofouling in membrane separation systems | p. 493 |
| Introduction | p. 493 |
| Membrane separation - concepts and applications | p. 495 |
| Fouling mechanisms and factors affecting fouling | p. 500 |
| Biofouling | p. 508 |
| Fouling control | p. 513 |
| Conclusion and future trends | p. 529 |
| References | p. 530 |
| Surface interactions and in-vivo studies | |
| Bioactive 3D scaffolds in regenerative medicine: the role of interface interactions | p. 545 |
| Introduction | p. 545 |
| The need for biomedical materials and implants | p. 545 |
| Surgical procedures for bone repair | p. 547 |
| Surgical procedures in lung repair | p. 550 |
| A new direction: regenerative medicine | p. 551 |
| Bone regeneration | p. 552 |
| Tissue engineering of the lung | p. 561 |
| Conclusion | p. 567 |
| Acknowledgements | p. 568 |
| References | p. 568 |
| Intravascular drug delivery systems and devices: interactions at biointerface | p. 573 |
| Introduction | p. 573 |
| Biomaterials and biointerface | p. 573 |
| Intravascular drug delivery systems | p. 575 |
| Nanoparticles as an intravascular delivery system | p. 575 |
| Stents | p. 580 |
| Vascular grafts and catheters | p. 581 |
| Future trends | p. 581 |
| References | p. 582 |
| Surface degradation and microenvironmental outcomes | p. 585 |
| Introduction | p. 585 |
| Chemistry of synthetic biodegradable biomaterials | p. 587 |
| In-vitro degradation of synthetic biodegradable biomaterials | p. 589 |
| In-vivo biodegradation of synthetic biodegradable biomaterials and cell/biomaterial surface interaction | p. 601 |
| Conclusion | p. 614 |
| References | p. 614 |
| Microbial biofilms and clinical implants | p. 619 |
| Introduction | p. 619 |
| Epidemology and costs of infection associated with clinical implants | p. 620 |
| Microbiology of clinical implant infections | p. 621 |
| Molecular mechanisms underlying biofilm formation | p. 622 |
| Determinants of biofilm antibiotic resistance | p. 624 |
| Consequences of biofilm formation on clinical implants | p. 624 |
| Clinical implant infection | p. 625 |
| Prevention of biofilm formation on clinical implants | p. 627 |
| Further research | p. 630 |
| Information resources | p. 630 |
| References | p. 631 |
| Extracellular matrix molecules in vascular tissue engineering | p. 637 |
| Introduction | p. 637 |
| Natural blood vessles | p. 638 |
| Vascular tissue engineering | p. 641 |
| Coating ECM molecules on surfaces - a cautionary tale | p. 646 |
| Biological seeding materials | p. 651 |
| ECM-regulated delivery of therapeutic growth factors | p. 657 |
| Future trends | p. 658 |
| Acknowledgements | p. 658 |
| References | p. 659 |
| Biomineralisation processes | p. 666 |
| Introduction | p. 666 |
| 'Biologically-induced' and 'organic matrix-mediated' mineralisation | p. 667 |
| Organic macromolecules | p. 667 |
| Control over crystal structure | p. 671 |
| Control over crystal orientation | p. 674 |
| Control over morphology | p. 676 |
| Control over mechanical properties | p. 686 |
| Conclusion | p. 687 |
| Further information | p. 688 |
| References | p. 688 |
| On the topographical characterisation of biomaterial surfaces | p. 693 |
| Introduction | p. 693 |
| Biomaterials, surfaces and biocompatibility | p. 693 |
| What is a surface? | p. 694 |
| Surface measurement | p. 694 |
| Filters | p. 695 |
| Quantifying surface texture | p. 696 |
| Two-dimensional profile data | p. 696 |
| Three-dimensional data | p. 700 |
| Techniques for surface texture measurement | p. 703 |
| Traceability and calibration | p. 713 |
| Conclusion | p. 713 |
| Further reading | p. 714 |
| Acknowledgments | p. 715 |
| References | p. 715 |
| Appendices | |
| Surface modification of polymers to enhance biocompatibility | p. 719 |
| Introduction | p. 719 |
| Polymers in medical applications | p. 720 |
| Biocompatibility | p. 722 |
| Surface modification techniques | p. 723 |
| Future trends | p. 740 |
| Acknowledgements | p. 741 |
| References | p. 741 |
| Issues concerning the use of assays of cell adhesion to biomaterials | p. 745 |
| Introduction | p. 745 |
| Measurement objectives | p. 746 |
| Issues of interpretation of adhesion measurements | p. 750 |
| Sources of variability in adhesion assays | p. 753 |
| Methods of assaying cell adhesion in current use | p. 757 |
| Conclusion | p. 760 |
| References | p. 761 |
| Protein adsorption to surfaces and interfaces | p. 763 |
| Introduction | p. 763 |
| Classification of biomaterials surfaces and interfaces | p. 764 |
| Non-specific adsorption to hard surfaces | p. 765 |
| General rules of non-specific adsorption to flat surfaces | p. 768 |
| Non-specific adsorption to 'soft' surfaces | p. 773 |
| Non-specific adsorption to penetrable surfaces and interfaces | p. 774 |
| Future trends | p. 775 |
| References | p. 776 |
| Index | p. 782 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
ISBN: 9780849334467
ISBN-10: 0849334462
Audience:
Professional
Format:
Hardcover
Language:
English
Number Of Pages: 802
Published: 14th June 2005
Dimensions (cm): 23.5 x 16.1
x 4.9
Weight (kg): 1.346
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