As the oldest European settlement in Missouri, Ste. Genevieve was the funnel through which the eastern Ozarks (the 5,000 square miles beyond Ste. Genevieve's location on the Mississippi) was established. A magisterial account of the settlement of this area from 1760 through 1830, "Opening the Ozarks" focuses on the acquisition and occupation of land, the transformation of the environment, the creation of cohesive settlements, and the building of neighborhoods and eventually organized counties. The study begins with the French Creole settlement at Old Ste. Genevieve in the middle of the eighteenth century. It describes the movement of the French into the Ozark hills during the rest of that century and continues with that of the American immigrants into Upper Louisiana after 1796, ending with the Americanization of the district after the Louisiana Purchase. Walter Schroeder examines the cultural transition from a French society, operating under a Spanish administration, to an American society in which French, Indians, and Africans formed minorities. Schroeder used thousands of French- and Spanish-language documents, including the Archives of the Indies in Seville, Spain, as well as documents from Ste. Genevieve and St. Louis to gather his information. He also utilized thousands of land records from the American period, including deeds of land sales and sales from the public domain, and plats from both the Spanish and American periods. In addition, Schroeder performed years of fieldwork and perused aerial photography of the area, interviewing residents and searching for vestiges of the past in the landscape. As the only study to deal with the cradle of Missouri and the first trans-Mississippi expansion of the Anglo-American frontier, "Opening the Ozarks" will be invaluable to anyone interested in America's geographical history, particularly that of Missouri.
"Walter Schroeder has produced a definitive study of a crucially Important district, a district whose ultimate legacy lies as far afield as Texas, California, and Oregon." - TERRY G. JORDAN
| List of Illustrations | p. ix |
| List of Tables | p. xiii |
| Foreword | p. xv |
| Preface | p. xvii |
| Acknowledgments | p. xix |
| Introduction | |
| The Ste. Genevieve District | p. 3 |
| The Place | p. 4 |
| The Time | p. 11 |
| Interpretation | p. 18 |
| The Environment of Settlement | |
| "A Country Thus Rich by Nature," | p. 27 |
| Resources | p. 28 |
| Natural Regions | p. 63 |
| Mississippi Alluvial Plain | p. 63 |
| Bluff Lands and Karst Plain | p. 66 |
| Rough Hills | p. 68 |
| Mining Country | p. 70 |
| Regulating Settlement | |
| French and Spanish Periods to 1795 | p. 75 |
| French Period before 1770 | p. 77 |
| Spanish Period, 1770-1795 | p. 80 |
| Spanish Period, 1796-1804 | p. 97 |
| American Period, 1804-1818 | p. 114 |
| Confirming Land Claims | p. 117 |
| Results of the Land-Confirmation Process | p. 146 |
| Surveying Private Lands | p. 152 |
| The Landless | p. 159 |
| Attempts to Limit Settlement | p. 164 |
| American Period, 1818-1830 | p. 174 |
| U.S. Rectangular Survey and Land Sales | p. 174 |
| Lead Lands | p. 183 |
| Indian Lands | p. 193 |
| Recapitulation | p. 194 |
| Building Communities | |
| Settlement Forms | p. 201 |
| Planned French Village | p. 202 |
| Unplanned French Village | p. 212 |
| Planned American Town | p. 214 |
| Linear Valley Settlement | p. 216 |
| Discontinuous Valley Settlement | p. 219 |
| Compact Settlement | p. 220 |
| Large Tracts | p. 221 |
| The French Villages | p. 225 |
| Old Ste. Genevieve | p. 225 |
| Colluvial Slopes | p. 234 |
| New Ste. Genevieve | p. 235 |
| New Bourbon | p. 244 |
| La Saline | p. 255 |
| Dispersed Settlements | p. 264 |
| A Traditional French Village in the Hills | p. 267 |
| St. Michel | p. 267 |
| The Mining Country | p. 284 |
| Mine a Breton | p. 284 |
| Potosi | p. 295 |
| Old Mines | p. 303 |
| Herculaneum | p. 320 |
| Big River Bend | p. 327 |
| Farmington Plain | p. 336 |
| Valley Settlements in the Hills | p. 340 |
| Plattin Valley | p. 340 |
| Lower St. Francis River Valley | p. 345 |
| Private Settlement Colony | p. 351 |
| An Exclusive American Community | p. 359 |
| The Bellevue Valley and Caledonia | p. 359 |
| Perry County: A Settlement Mosaic | p. 368 |
| Shawnee-Delaware Indian Grant | p. 371 |
| Bois Brule | p. 382 |
| Fenwick Settlement | p. 383 |
| The Barrens and Perryville | p. 388 |
| Brazeau and Abernathy Settlements | p. 396 |
| Organizing Space | |
| "Connecting Tissues" | p. 401 |
| The Administrative Perspective | p. 402 |
| A Restless Population | p. 412 |
| Pathways of Integration | p. 415 |
| The Economic Perspective | p. 429 |
| Conclusion | |
| The Ste. Genevieve District as a Settlement Frontier | p. 447 |
| Cultural Diversity on the Frontier | p. 447 |
| The Environmental Encounter | p. 454 |
| Administrative Settlement Policy and Traditional Practices | p. 457 |
| Settlement Pattern | p. 459 |
| Settlement Systems | p. 461 |
| Appendices | |
| Spanish Governors-General of Louisiana | p. 467 |
| Lieutenant Governors of Upper Louisiana during the Spanish Period (in St. Louis) | p. 469 |
| U.S. Government Officials Involved in the Land-Confirmation Process in Missouri | p. 471 |
| Bibliography | p. 473 |
| Index | p. 521 |
| Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved. |
ISBN: 9780826213983
ISBN-10: 0826213987
Audience:
Professional
Format:
Hardcover
Language:
English
Number Of Pages: 552
Published: 31st July 2002
Publisher: University of Missouri Press
Dimensions (cm): 23.5 x 15.6
x 4.7
Weight (kg): 1.057