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The urban youth frequenting the Internet caf‚s of Accra, Ghana, who are decidedly not members of their country's elite, use the Internet largely as a way to orchestrate encounters across distance and amass foreign ties--activities once limited to the wealthy, university-educated classes. The Internet, accessed on second-hand computers (castoffs from the United States and Europe), has become for these youths a means of enacting a more cosmopolitan self. In Invisible Users, Jenna Burrell offers a richly observed account of how these Internet enthusiasts have adopted, and adapted to their own priorities, a technological system that was not designed with them in mind. Burrell describes the material space of the urban Internet caf‚ and the virtual space of push and pull between young Ghanaians and the foreigners they encounter online; the region's famous 419 scam strategies and the rumors of "big gains" that fuel them; the influential role of churches and theories about how the supernatural operates through the network; and development rhetoric about digital technologies and the future viability of African Internet caf‚s in the region. Burrell, integrating concepts from science and technology studies and African studies with empirical findings from her own field work in Ghana, captures the interpretive flexibility of technology by users in the margins but also highlights how their invisibility puts limits on their full inclusion into a global network society.
"In this fascinating ethnography of life in internet cafes in Ghana, Jenna Burrell shows how a blend of scammers, religion, and a grey market produce a new form of digital marginality. Exploring the 'material turn' in science and technology studies, this book makes an important contribution to media studies, development studies, and anthropology."--Trevor Pinch, Professor of Science and Technology Studies, Cornell University "Jenna Burrell offers a vivid and detailed portrait of a corner of the internet few of us consider closely -- the hundreds of millions of internet users in the developing world who share the online spaces we inhabit. Burrell's in-depth examination of internet culture in Ghana shatters stereotypes with nuance, encouraging us to think through complex issues like advance fee fraud, computer recycling and cross-cultural encounter from the perspective of ordinary, middle-class Africans approaching the internet with fears and hopes both similar and different to the ones we hold."--Ethan Zuckerman, Director, Center for Civic Media at MIT "Too often, scholars and practitioners of information technology have used Africa as a foil for modernity and development without ever bothering to see what is happening there. This book is an extraordinary corrective. Rich with stories of Ghanaian life from the Internet Cafe to the Pentecostal church to the UN World Summit on Information Society, it uses this material to reformulate ideas of agency, materiality, orality and marginality. Invisible Users is a work on the global spread of information technology unlike any other, and a model for any to come."--Christopher M. Kelty, Associate Professor of Anthropology and Information Studies, UCLA
| Acknowledgments | p. ix |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| Interpreting Technology in the Peripheries | p. 6 |
| Weak and Strong Materiality in Cultural Accounts | p. 10 |
| Reconceiving Users in Global Technology Studies | p. 17 |
| Youth and the Indeterminate Space of the Internet Café | p. 29 |
| Immobility in a Mobile Age | p. 29 |
| On Method and the Internet Cafe as a Space of Traveling Through | p. 32 |
| Youth in Urban Ghana | p. 39 |
| Peer Groups in the Internet Cafe | p. 42 |
| The Deterritorialization of the Internet Cafe | p. 47 |
| Conclusion | p. 51 |
| Ghanaians Online and the Innovation of 419Scams | p. 55 |
| Breakdowns and Disillusionment in Online Cross-Cultural Encounters | p. 58 |
| The 419 Email Scam and Its Variants | p. 64 |
| Disembodiment and Gender Swapping as a Scam Strategy | p. 67 |
| Manipulating Representations of Africa for the Foreign Gaze | p. 73 |
| Conclusion | p. 78 |
| Rumor and the Morality of the Internet | p. 81 |
| Rumors as Accounts | p. 85 |
| A Typology of Rumors about the Internet in Urban Ghana | p. 88 |
| Rumors and the Construction of a Moral Order | p. 90 |
| Orality in Contemporary Urban and Digital Domains | p. 97 |
| Conclusion | p. 102 |
| Practical Metaphysics and the Efficacy of the Internet | p. 105 |
| A Brief History of Religious Movements in Ghana | p. 108 |
| The Internet and Technology in Church Sermons and Testimonials | p. 114 |
| Networking Christians and Christendom as a Network | p. 117 |
| Can Spiritual Entities Traverse Electronic Links? | p. 121 |
| Conclusion | p. 128 |
| Linking the Internet to Development at a World Summit | p. 133 |
| Arriving at the WSIS Regional Conference | p. 136 |
| Why Hold a World Summit on the Information Society? | p. 140 |
| Ventriloquism | p. 147 |
| Alliance Building | p. 151 |
| Conclusion | p. 154 |
| The Import of Secondhand Computers and the Dilemma of Electronic Waste | p. 159 |
| Strategies of Transnational Family Businesses in the Secondhand Electronics Trade | p. 164 |
| Electronic Waste Dumping and Further Dimensions of Marginality in Ghana | p. 173 |
| Conclusion | p. 181 |
| Becoming Visible | p. 183 |
| The Rise of Sakawa | p. 185 |
| On the Neutrality of the Network | p. 191 |
| Materiality and Marginalization | p. 198 |
| Notes | p. 201 |
| References | p. 213 |
| Index | p. 231 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
ISBN: 9780262017367
ISBN-10: 0262017369
Series: Acting with Technology S.
Audience:
Professional
For Ages: 22+ years old
Format:
Hardcover
Language:
English
Number Of Pages: 248
Published: 4th May 2012
Dimensions (cm): 22.9 x 15.2
x 1.1
Weight (kg): 0.485
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